WIP: fix(macos): bind a direct draw's 8-bit indices with their size on MoltenVK #678

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Type: fix · Risk: low · Tested on: macOS 26.7.1, Apple M4 Max (MoltenVK 1.4.2), arm64 and x86_64 under Rosetta · Needs: macOS, Apple silicon (a start to play on the rebased stack); Windows and Linux, any GPU (build and start)

Why

On a Mac the game ran out of GPU memory as it loaded the first scene and the device was lost: the GPU's in-use memory climbed to
53 GB of 64 in about 15 s. The cause is how MoltenVK draws 8-bit indices: Metal has none, so before every such draw MoltenVK
widens the indices to 16 bits on the GPU, into a temporary of twice the bound size, and a bind without a size reaches the end of
the buffer. LS binds a guest pool's whole buffer at the indices, so a six-index draw in a 64 MB pool widened 64 MB into a 128 MB
temporary, and each of LS's 48 recording pools keeps every such temporary until the pool is destroyed. This PR binds a direct
draw's 8-bit indices with their own size on MoltenVK, so only those are widened. It is part of the macOS port. See #420.

How to reproduce

Seen on: macOS 26.7.1, Apple M4 Max, MoltenVK 1.4.2
Settings and switches: defaults (the macOS stack without this PR)
Steps: start the game, load the field-dawn save (START, then A), and sample the GPU's memory
(ioreg -r -c AGXAccelerator -d 1) and the game's IOAccelerator (graphics) regions (footprint -v)
Expected: the GPU's memory stays within a few GB and the load reaches play
Actual: 128 MB IOAccelerator (graphics) regions pile up (98 at the title, 385 after the A in run #23), the GPU's memory
reaches about 53 GB, IOGPU logs kIOGPUCommandBufferCallbackErrorOutOfMemory and the device is lost

What changed

On MoltenVK's driver alone (vendor fix index8_size, RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE), with VK_KHR_maintenance5 enabled for it, a direct
draw's 8-bit indices are bound with vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2KHR and their own count: MoltenVK widens exactly the indices the draw
reads, at the same point of the command buffer, so what is drawn is the same. Indirect draws keep the bind to the pool's end
(their indices are read where the GPU finds them). Every other driver binds as before.

• the fix: gpu/vk/vk_vendor.h VendorFixes::index8_size (on for VK_DRIVER_ID_MOLTENVK; RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE=0/1 overrides);
  gpu/vk/vk_main.cpp create_device asks for VK_KHR_maintenance5 only where the fix is on, the device takes 8-bit indices
  and has maintenance5, and says which (vk: 8-bit indices: …); gpu/vk/vk_internal.h Device::index8_size.
• the bind: gpu/vk/vk_draw.cpp index8_bind_size (a direct 8-bit draw's count bytes, else VK_WHOLE_SIZE), bind_index
  takes the size and calls vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2KHR only for a sized bind, and the bind cache (IndexBind,
  index_bind_same) is keyed on it; gpu/vk/vk_loader.h loads vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2KHR; gpu/vk/vk_recorder.h packs it and
  gpu/vk/vk_work.h routes it through the recorder.
• a MoltenVK-only line with the frame statistics: index8_note / draw_index8_report count the 8-bit draws, direct and
  indirect, the bytes a direct one binds and what their pools hold past the indices (vk_replay.cpp, beside #677's
  report; vk_draw.h).
• docs: docs/development.md, the RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE row (3e34116c).
• tests: tests/test_index8_bind.py (new) runs index8_bind_size and the bind on authored draws and checks the gate, the device
  setup and the report; tests/test_draw_binds.py (the bind cache keyed on size), tests/recorder_sync_test.cpp (the recorder's
  coverage of the new call) and #663's tests/seg_gathers_test.cpp (its fake) follow.

Measurements

Verdict: fixed: with this change the game reached play and held it, with no new 128 MB region and the GPU's memory at 9.3 GB
at most, where without it the device was lost at 53 GB during the load. Probe MT-01 confirmed the mechanism and the fix on the
GPU, 22 of 22 steps as predicted.

Baseline: main does not start on macOS. The columns are integration builds, arm64, MoltenVK 1.4.2, the field-dawn save, the
same inputs: 552cc3d4 (run #23, the integration branch just before this commit) and e7730869 (run #24, the same plus this
commit; run #25 the same build warm, holding play 900 s).

Hardware: macOS 26.7.1, Apple M4 Max (40-core GPU), MoltenVK 1.4.2, 16-core CPU, 64 GB
Scene: start, title, START and A, the field-dawn save's load, play (#25: 900 s held in play)
Method: the runs' 1-2 s ioreg samples of the GPU's in-use memory, footprint -v every 5 s (the 128 MB IOAccelerator (graphics)
regions), IOGPU kernel lines (log stream); one run each (reports/2026-11-14-mac-startup-23.md, -24.md, -25.md). MT-01:
reports/MvkTempBuffers-files/mt01/runs-mt01-arm64/ (result.json 24a7e5f0…), reports/2026-11-14-mvk-temp-buffers.md §6
How to reproduce: the runner commands in those reports; for MT-01, its driver.py run command in §6

	Before: integration @ 552cc3d4 (run #23)	After: integration @ e7730869, with this commit (run #24)
128 MB IOAccelerator (graphics) regions	98 at the title, 385 at A + 20 s	1 the whole run
the GPU's in-use memory, at most	53.1 GB, then kIOGPUCommandBufferCallbackErrorOutOfMemory, device lost	9.3 GB in play, no IOGPU line
reached	the save's load (exit 3)	play (exit 0); #25: 900 s in play at 30 fps, memory 9.2-9.8 GB

MT-01 step (64 MiB buffer, 16 command pools)	new 128 MiB regions	centre pixel
2 × 8-bit bound to the end, pool 0	+2	red
reset with release, trim, free (pools 0-2)	0 freed
destroy pool 0	−8
8 × 8-bit sized (vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2KHR, 6 B): the fix	0	red (drawn the same)

#24 L196: vk: 8-bit indices: a direct draw's bound with their own size, so MoltenVK widens only those (VK_KHR_maintenance5): yes
#25: 224 `vk: 8-bit indices` reports, about 6,900 direct draws per 120 presents (about 57 a frame), 0 indirect

Flags and settings

One new switch, a vendor fix's override: on by default on MoltenVK only.

Flag	What it is	Before this PR	After this PR	Effect	Helps / doesn't help / untested	Recommendation
RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE=0 or 1	a direct draw's 8-bit indices bound with their own size (VK_KHR_maintenance5)	no switch: the bind reaches the pool's end	on for MoltenVK's driver, off elsewhere; 0 off, 1 on where the device has maintenance5 and 8-bit indices	MoltenVK widens only the draw's indices	helps: MoltenVK (runs #23/#24, MT-01); no change elsewhere by default; untested forced on other drivers	default (on for MoltenVK only)

Testing

Tested: on macOS 26.7.1, Apple M4 Max, at this head (main 6c9edffe plus #677, #663 and what it carries):

• tests/test_index8_bind.py with /usr/bin/clang++ and clang++ -arch x86_64 (the fixture under Rosetta): pass; with the test
  copied onto #677's head it fails (reports/PubWave-files/PubLate2/proof-02a/mt-*, mt-base-index8-*).
• tests/test_draw_binds.py, tests/test_recorder_sync.py (both compilers), tests/test_seg_gathers.py and
  tests/test_mode_census.py (--arch arm64, --arch x86_64): pass (proof-02a/mt-*).
• gpu/vk/vk_draw.cpp, gpu/vk/vk_main.cpp and gpu/vk/vk_replay.cpp compiled whole for arm64 and x86_64 with main's renderer
  flags (#476's, #492's and #490's macOS compile pieces merged in a scratch tree only): 6 objects, exit 0, no warnings (at
  03b2a65e; this head adds only docs/development.md)
  (reports/PubWave-files/PubLate2/compile/mvk-temp/).
• Off Apple (unifdef -U__APPLE__): nine files differ (the fix is gated on the driver id, not on __APPLE__); off MoltenVK the
  fix is off, so every index bind is vkCmdBindIndexBuffer to the buffer's end as before, maintenance5 is not asked for and the
  report prints nothing (reports/PubWave-files/PubLate2/offapple-mvk-temp.txt).
• Every check that names a file this branch or #677 changes, and the changed tests (224 names), through
  tools/ls-suite.py at this head: 208 pass, 16 fail: 13 fail on main 6c9edffe on this Mac too, and test_precompile_compute_guard,
  test_shader_module_guard and test_present_aspect_vulkan, which main's full suite skips here and which fail the same way at
  #663's head when named (reports/PubWave-files/PubLate2/related-mvk-temp-01/, -compare.txt, related-base-b8579f1a-01/).
• The integration branch's checks after the merge (Integration 33, reports/2026-11-14-integration-2.md).

Not tested: a game start on this PR's stack (main does not start on macOS by itself; runs #24/#25 had this commit unchanged);
indirect 8-bit draws (still bound to the pool's end: none in #25/#26); RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE=1 on another driver; not built on
Windows or Linux; its test request covers it.

Must be tested:

• macOS, Apple silicon, on the rebased macOS stack: a start to play from the field-dawn save, expecting
  vk: 8-bit indices: … (VK_KHR_maintenance5): yes, no growing count of 128 MB IOAccelerator (graphics) regions and no device
  loss (by hand: the parent's game run).
• Windows and Linux, any GPU: build this PR (head 3e34116c, it carries #677, #663, #662, #658, #649, #648, #647, #645,
  #644, #643 and #491) and main 6c9edffe the same way and start each to the title, expecting no vk: 8-bit indices line and every
  other line to match main's (by hand: test request T-XXXX).

Risks

What could break: on MoltenVK only: a direct 8-bit draw whose indices run past count bytes from the bound offset would read
past its bind (draw() records firstIndex 0, so the draw reads exactly count indices); a MoltenVK without maintenance5 keeps the
old bind (the start-up line says so). Indirect 8-bit draws still widen to the pool's end.

Turning it off: RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE=0, or revert the PR.

Compatibility: Nothing changes for players elsewhere; on a Mac the device enables one more extension. No file in the shader
stamp changed; no MKWVK_API_VERSION change.

Reviewer notes

• Review e1153ec7..3e34116c (2 commits): cherry-pick -x of macos/mvk-temp 0fdc1cc8 (03b2a65e), with two conflicts where
  the integration branch's neighbours are not here: vk_draw.h (above draw_layouts_report's comment as #663 has it) and
  vk_vendor.h (no compiler_service, #650's); the pick's changed lines equal the source commit's (sorted;
  pick-mvk-temp-lines.txt). Then 3e34116c, the switch's row (the topic had none).
• Depends on #677 (the report sits in its block in log_frame_stats, and test_index8_bind finds it there) and through
  it #663 (seg_gathers_test.cpp's fake), #662, #658, #649, #648, #647, #645, #644, #643 and #491.
• No semantic commit: the pick needed no change to follow main.
• git merge-tree of this head (reports/PubWave-files/PubLate2/merge-check-mvk-temp.txt): gpu/vk/vk_draw.cpp with
  #681 (inherited from #677); gpu/vk/vk_draw.h with #646 (inherited); vk_vendor.h and the rest with
  #650/#652 and its stack (inherited from #663). With #679 and #680 (also on #677): clean; read
  together, an 8-bit count draw rewritten on MoltenVK reaches the indirect branch and keeps the pool's end, and both reports count
  it (Integration 34).
• Conflicts with main: none.

Issues

See #420

Checklist

Everyone

• One topic.
• The title is a Conventional Commit (type(scope): description) of the status line's type.
• Why gives the reason plainly and links the issues that fit (the tracker searched).
• Measurements has a verdict, or one line saying why there is nothing to measure.
• Testing names what was tested, what wasn't, and what must still be tested, where and how. (Test requests not open yet.)
• Rebased on current main (main e090cc48).
• python -I -B tests/run_all.py passes (any failure that also fails on main is named). (On the wave's merge 937a502a = this PR 3e34116c + drawid-direct 9c2bd272 (carries count-draws and mode-census, which this PR is on) + metal-scratch 4edae82c: 562 passed, 31 failed, 18 skipped against main 6c9edffe's 531/32/17 on this Mac; the 31 failures are main's own and nothing that passes on main fails; test_collect_wide now passes; 30 new tests pass; test_darwin_audio_service, Darwin-only, is skipped by the runner; reports/PubWave-files/waveC2r/full-937a502a/.)
• No game files, dumps, build output or generated files.
• third_party/ untouched (a new folder with a PROVENANCE.md instead).
• The license is OK: GPL-3.0-or-later, nothing incompatible and nothing decompiled.

When it applies

• AI assistance recorded with Assisted-by: / Co-Authored-By: trailers.
• Switches documented (docs/development.md; the README for a menu row) and shipped at their recommended value.
• A game-free test added for the fix, failing on main and passing here.
• A check under tests/ that reads changed source updated in this PR, not weakened.
• Docs updated.

**Type:** fix · **Risk:** low · **Tested on:** macOS 26.7.1, Apple M4 Max (MoltenVK 1.4.2), arm64 and x86_64 under Rosetta · **Needs:** macOS, Apple silicon (a start to play on the rebased stack); Windows and Linux, any GPU (build and start) ## Why On a Mac the game ran out of GPU memory as it loaded the first scene and the device was lost: the GPU's in-use memory climbed to 53 GB of 64 in about 15 s. The cause is how MoltenVK draws 8-bit indices: Metal has none, so before every such draw MoltenVK widens the indices to 16 bits on the GPU, into a temporary of twice the bound size, and a bind without a size reaches the end of the buffer. LS binds a guest pool's whole buffer at the indices, so a six-index draw in a 64 MB pool widened 64 MB into a 128 MB temporary, and each of LS's 48 recording pools keeps every such temporary until the pool is destroyed. This PR binds a direct draw's 8-bit indices with their own size on MoltenVK, so only those are widened. It is part of the macOS port. See #420. ## How to reproduce **Seen on:** macOS 26.7.1, Apple M4 Max, MoltenVK 1.4.2 **Settings and switches:** defaults (the macOS stack without this PR) **Steps:** start the game, load the field-dawn save (START, then A), and sample the GPU's memory (`ioreg -r -c AGXAccelerator -d 1`) and the game's `IOAccelerator (graphics)` regions (`footprint -v`) **Expected:** the GPU's memory stays within a few GB and the load reaches play **Actual:** 128 MB `IOAccelerator (graphics)` regions pile up (98 at the title, 385 after the A in run #23), the GPU's memory reaches about 53 GB, IOGPU logs `kIOGPUCommandBufferCallbackErrorOutOfMemory` and the device is lost ## What changed On MoltenVK's driver alone (vendor fix `index8_size`, `RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE`), with `VK_KHR_maintenance5` enabled for it, a direct draw's 8-bit indices are bound with `vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2KHR` and their own count: MoltenVK widens exactly the indices the draw reads, at the same point of the command buffer, so what is drawn is the same. Indirect draws keep the bind to the pool's end (their indices are read where the GPU finds them). Every other driver binds as before. - the fix: `gpu/vk/vk_vendor.h` `VendorFixes::index8_size` (on for `VK_DRIVER_ID_MOLTENVK`; `RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE=0/1` overrides); `gpu/vk/vk_main.cpp` `create_device` asks for `VK_KHR_maintenance5` only where the fix is on, the device takes 8-bit indices and has `maintenance5`, and says which (`vk: 8-bit indices: …`); `gpu/vk/vk_internal.h` `Device::index8_size`. - the bind: `gpu/vk/vk_draw.cpp` `index8_bind_size` (a direct 8-bit draw's `count` bytes, else `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`), `bind_index` takes the size and calls `vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2KHR` only for a sized bind, and the bind cache (`IndexBind`, `index_bind_same`) is keyed on it; `gpu/vk/vk_loader.h` loads `vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2KHR`; `gpu/vk/vk_recorder.h` packs it and `gpu/vk/vk_work.h` routes it through the recorder. - a MoltenVK-only line with the frame statistics: `index8_note` / `draw_index8_report` count the 8-bit draws, direct and indirect, the bytes a direct one binds and what their pools hold past the indices (`vk_replay.cpp`, beside #677's report; `vk_draw.h`). - docs: `docs/development.md`, the `RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE` row (`3e34116c`). - tests: `tests/test_index8_bind.py` (new) runs `index8_bind_size` and the bind on authored draws and checks the gate, the device setup and the report; `tests/test_draw_binds.py` (the bind cache keyed on size), `tests/recorder_sync_test.cpp` (the recorder's coverage of the new call) and #663's `tests/seg_gathers_test.cpp` (its fake) follow. ## Measurements **Verdict:** fixed: with this change the game reached play and held it, with no new 128 MB region and the GPU's memory at 9.3 GB at most, where without it the device was lost at 53 GB during the load. Probe MT-01 confirmed the mechanism and the fix on the GPU, 22 of 22 steps as predicted. Baseline: main does not start on macOS. The columns are integration builds, arm64, MoltenVK 1.4.2, the field-dawn save, the same inputs: `552cc3d4` (run #23, the integration branch just before this commit) and `e7730869` (run #24, the same plus this commit; run #25 the same build warm, holding play 900 s). Hardware: macOS 26.7.1, Apple M4 Max (40-core GPU), MoltenVK 1.4.2, 16-core CPU, 64 GB Scene: start, title, START and A, the field-dawn save's load, play (#25: 900 s held in play) Method: the runs' 1-2 s `ioreg` samples of the GPU's in-use memory, `footprint -v` every 5 s (the 128 MB `IOAccelerator (graphics)` regions), IOGPU kernel lines (`log stream`); one run each (`reports/2026-11-14-mac-startup-23.md`, `-24.md`, `-25.md`). MT-01: `reports/MvkTempBuffers-files/mt01/runs-mt01-arm64/` (`result.json` `24a7e5f0…`), `reports/2026-11-14-mvk-temp-buffers.md` §6 How to reproduce: the runner commands in those reports; for MT-01, its `driver.py run` command in §6 | | Before: integration @ 552cc3d4 (run #23) | After: integration @ e7730869, with this commit (run #24) | |---|---|---| | 128 MB `IOAccelerator (graphics)` regions | 98 at the title, 385 at A + 20 s | 1 the whole run | | the GPU's in-use memory, at most | 53.1 GB, then `kIOGPUCommandBufferCallbackErrorOutOfMemory`, device lost | 9.3 GB in play, no IOGPU line | | reached | the save's load (exit 3) | play (exit 0); #25: 900 s in play at 30 fps, memory 9.2-9.8 GB | | MT-01 step (64 MiB buffer, 16 command pools) | new 128 MiB regions | centre pixel | |---|---|---| | 2 × 8-bit bound to the end, pool 0 | +2 | red | | reset with release, trim, free (pools 0-2) | 0 freed | | | destroy pool 0 | −8 | | | 8 × 8-bit sized (`vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2KHR`, 6 B): the fix | 0 | red (drawn the same) | ``` #24 L196: vk: 8-bit indices: a direct draw's bound with their own size, so MoltenVK widens only those (VK_KHR_maintenance5): yes #25: 224 `vk: 8-bit indices` reports, about 6,900 direct draws per 120 presents (about 57 a frame), 0 indirect ``` ### Flags and settings One new switch, a vendor fix's override: on by default on MoltenVK only. | Flag | What it is | Before this PR | After this PR | Effect | Helps / doesn't help / untested | Recommendation | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | `RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE=0` or `1` | a direct draw's 8-bit indices bound with their own size (`VK_KHR_maintenance5`) | no switch: the bind reaches the pool's end | on for MoltenVK's driver, off elsewhere; `0` off, `1` on where the device has `maintenance5` and 8-bit indices | MoltenVK widens only the draw's indices | helps: MoltenVK (runs #23/#24, MT-01); no change elsewhere by default; untested forced on other drivers | default (on for MoltenVK only) | ## Testing **Tested:** on macOS 26.7.1, Apple M4 Max, at this head (main 6c9edffe plus #677, #663 and what it carries): - `tests/test_index8_bind.py` with `/usr/bin/clang++` and `clang++ -arch x86_64` (the fixture under Rosetta): pass; with the test copied onto #677's head it fails (`reports/PubWave-files/PubLate2/proof-02a/mt-*`, `mt-base-index8-*`). - `tests/test_draw_binds.py`, `tests/test_recorder_sync.py` (both compilers), `tests/test_seg_gathers.py` and `tests/test_mode_census.py` (`--arch arm64`, `--arch x86_64`): pass (`proof-02a/mt-*`). - `gpu/vk/vk_draw.cpp`, `gpu/vk/vk_main.cpp` and `gpu/vk/vk_replay.cpp` compiled whole for arm64 and x86_64 with main's renderer flags (#476's, #492's and #490's macOS compile pieces merged in a scratch tree only): 6 objects, exit 0, no warnings (at `03b2a65e`; this head adds only `docs/development.md`) (`reports/PubWave-files/PubLate2/compile/mvk-temp/`). - Off Apple (`unifdef -U__APPLE__`): nine files differ (the fix is gated on the driver id, not on `__APPLE__`); off MoltenVK the fix is off, so every index bind is `vkCmdBindIndexBuffer` to the buffer's end as before, `maintenance5` is not asked for and the report prints nothing (`reports/PubWave-files/PubLate2/offapple-mvk-temp.txt`). - Every check that names a file this branch or #677 changes, and the changed tests (224 names), through `tools/ls-suite.py` at this head: 208 pass, 16 fail: 13 fail on main 6c9edffe on this Mac too, and `test_precompile_compute_guard`, `test_shader_module_guard` and `test_present_aspect_vulkan`, which main's full suite skips here and which fail the same way at #663's head when named (`reports/PubWave-files/PubLate2/related-mvk-temp-01/`, `-compare.txt`, `related-base-b8579f1a-01/`). - The integration branch's checks after the merge (Integration 33, `reports/2026-11-14-integration-2.md`). **Not tested:** a game start on this PR's stack (main does not start on macOS by itself; runs #24/#25 had this commit unchanged); indirect 8-bit draws (still bound to the pool's end: none in #25/#26); `RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE=1` on another driver; not built on Windows or Linux; its test request covers it. **Must be tested:** - macOS, Apple silicon, on the rebased macOS stack: a start to play from the field-dawn save, expecting `vk: 8-bit indices: … (VK_KHR_maintenance5): yes`, no growing count of 128 MB `IOAccelerator (graphics)` regions and no device loss (by hand: the parent's game run). - Windows and Linux, any GPU: build this PR (head `3e34116c`, it carries #677, #663, #662, #658, #649, #648, #647, #645, #644, #643 and #491) and main 6c9edffe the same way and start each to the title, expecting no `vk: 8-bit indices` line and every other line to match main's (by hand: test request T-XXXX). ## Risks **What could break:** on MoltenVK only: a direct 8-bit draw whose indices run past `count` bytes from the bound offset would read past its bind (draw() records firstIndex 0, so the draw reads exactly `count` indices); a MoltenVK without `maintenance5` keeps the old bind (the start-up line says so). Indirect 8-bit draws still widen to the pool's end. **Turning it off:** `RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE=0`, or revert the PR. **Compatibility:** Nothing changes for players elsewhere; on a Mac the device enables one more extension. No file in the shader stamp changed; no `MKWVK_API_VERSION` change. ## Reviewer notes - Review `e1153ec7..3e34116c` (2 commits): `cherry-pick -x` of `macos/mvk-temp` `0fdc1cc8` (`03b2a65e`), with two conflicts where the integration branch's neighbours are not here: `vk_draw.h` (above `draw_layouts_report`'s comment as #663 has it) and `vk_vendor.h` (no `compiler_service`, #650's); the pick's changed lines equal the source commit's (sorted; `pick-mvk-temp-lines.txt`). Then `3e34116c`, the switch's row (the topic had none). - Depends on #677 (the report sits in its block in `log_frame_stats`, and `test_index8_bind` finds it there) and through it #663 (`seg_gathers_test.cpp`'s fake), #662, #658, #649, #648, #647, #645, #644, #643 and #491. - No semantic commit: the pick needed no change to follow main. - `git merge-tree` of this head (`reports/PubWave-files/PubLate2/merge-check-mvk-temp.txt`): `gpu/vk/vk_draw.cpp` with #681 (inherited from #677); `gpu/vk/vk_draw.h` with #646 (inherited); `vk_vendor.h` and the rest with #650/#652 and its stack (inherited from #663). With #679 and #680 (also on #677): clean; read together, an 8-bit count draw rewritten on MoltenVK reaches the indirect branch and keeps the pool's end, and both reports count it (Integration 34). - Conflicts with main: none. ## Issues See #420 ## Checklist ### Everyone - [x] One topic. - [x] The title is a Conventional Commit (`type(scope): description`) of the status line's type. - [x] Why gives the reason plainly and links the issues that fit (the tracker searched). - [x] Measurements has a verdict, or one line saying why there is nothing to measure. - [ ] Testing names what was tested, what wasn't, and what must still be tested, where and how. (Test requests not open yet.) - [x] Rebased on current `main` (main e090cc48). - [x] `python -I -B tests/run_all.py` passes (any failure that also fails on `main` is named). (On the wave's merge `937a502a` = this PR `3e34116c` + drawid-direct `9c2bd272` (carries count-draws and mode-census, which this PR is on) + metal-scratch `4edae82c`: 562 passed, 31 failed, 18 skipped against main 6c9edffe's 531/32/17 on this Mac; the 31 failures are main's own and nothing that passes on main fails; `test_collect_wide` now passes; 30 new tests pass; `test_darwin_audio_service`, Darwin-only, is skipped by the runner; `reports/PubWave-files/waveC2r/full-937a502a/`.) - [x] No game files, dumps, build output or generated files. - [x] `third_party/` untouched (a new folder with a `PROVENANCE.md` instead). - [x] The license is OK: GPL-3.0-or-later, nothing incompatible and nothing decompiled. ### When it applies - [x] AI assistance recorded with `Assisted-by:` / `Co-Authored-By:` trailers. - [x] Switches documented (docs/development.md; the README for a menu row) and shipped at their recommended value. - [x] A game-free test added for the fix, failing on `main` and passing here. - [x] A check under `tests/` that reads changed source updated in this PR, not weakened. - [x] Docs updated.

mooki added 70 commits 2026-11-15 04:00:45 +00:00

fix(vk): scan the import table as far back as its largest live import ... 07501d533b

Every scan down vk_memory.cpp's import table by start (pool_lookup's
covering import and merge plan, bg_drain, prefetch_chunks,
import_in_background, memory_note_gpu_write and memory_guest_imported)
stopped once an import ended more than 1 GiB below its address, on the
belief that no import is larger than that. pool_lookup's own merge escape
leaves an import above 1 GiB over the smaller ones inside it ("left
overlapping"), and the device allows imports up to max_import_size: a scan
stopped at a small import inside a large one, missed the large one, and
the same bytes were imported again, two memories over the same bytes.

import_reach.h counts the live imports by span class; its bound is above
every live span, within twice the largest. imported_add and imported_take,
now the table's only ways in and out, keep the count. A scan stops only
where no import further down can reach its address, so it also stops
sooner than before when the imports are small. The covering-import checks
in pool_lookup and import_in_background look past the last import at or
below the range for the same reason.

Tests: test_import_reach.py runs the actual scans with a 4 GiB import over
a 16 MiB chunk, left by the merge escape (imports are recorded ranges: no
payload, no Vulkan, no game). Its lookup, query, note, drain, background
and prefetch cases fail on main 5e072fc8 and pass here, and a source check
keeps every change to the table in the two helpers. test_import_windows
runs pool_lookup with the helpers; test_mirror_gpu_only names the new
publication point.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(vk): the readback refresh fixture runs memory_note_gpu_write with the import table's helpers ... 693acd941b

test_parallel_rb_refresh cuts memory_note_gpu_write out of vk_memory.cpp,
whose scan now stops at the live imports' reach: the fixture includes
import_reach.h, cuts live_reach, imported_add and imported_take beside it,
and puts its pool in the table through imported_add. It failed to build
at 11e9ee44 ("use of undeclared identifier 'import_reach'").

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(runtime): preserve guest pages when discarding on macOS ... 937fe5bcb8

Reserve the fixed guest window with a non-overwriting Mach mapping. Reclaim
complete owned host pages with fresh anonymous mappings and zero only the
partial-page edges, preserving adjacent 4 KiB guest pages on 16 KiB hosts.
Use the actual host granule for non-guest allocation/protection and report
macOS discard failures instead of returning success.

Add game-free source-linked arm64/Rosetta tests covering collisions, repeated
free/recommit, unaligned ranges, failure paths and resident-memory reduction.
Keep Linux and Windows paths unchanged. Build-list integration is separate.

Assisted-by: GPT-6 Astra
Co-Authored-By: GPT-6 Astra <[email protected]>
Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(runtime): retain guest-page rounding in Darwin memory wrappers ... 041ac3da77

Keep the POSIX layer's outward 4 KiB MEM_DECOMMIT and inward 4 KiB MEM_RESET
contracts above the byte-exact Darwin helper. Check arithmetic before rounding,
and keep separate real-memory assertions for helper and wrapper ranges.

Default the Darwin regression test to the native architecture. Both CPU routes
remain explicitly selectable for acceptance without requiring Rosetta or arm64
execution from every ordinary macOS suite run.

Assisted-by: GPT-6 Astra
Co-Authored-By: GPT-6 Astra <[email protected]>
Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(runtime): cut main's int hos_commit in the Darwin guest-memory test ... aafb7498e3

Main's #324 (a4c77174) made hos_commit in host/mkw_glue.c return whether
the range was committed, so its definition now starts "int hos_commit(".
The Darwin guest-memory test cut the function by its old "void" head and
stopped with a ValueError on main's source, on this branch and on main alike,
before compiling anything. Cut it by the new head.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(runtime): translate macOS fault contexts on both CPU routes ... f2778f7517

Decode Darwin signal contexts and access faults for arm64 and x86_64,
copy supported context edits back on signal return, and prevent recursive
callback dispatch when a fault handler itself faults. Keep the non-Apple
bridge text and the x64-shaped CONTEXT layout unchanged.

Add source-linked, game-free owned-memory fault tests for both targets,
including page repair, PC redirection, prior handlers and an inaccessible
handler stack. Document the native PC/SP contract and remaining limits.

Assisted-by: GPT-6 Astra
Co-Authored-By: GPT-6 Astra <[email protected]>
Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(runtime): keep Darwin fault checks native by default ... 7b50aa7ccf

Do not make the ordinary Apple Silicon suite depend on Rosetta. Default
to the running Python process's architecture and retain explicit repeated
--arch options for dual-route qualification. Document that command and
count only files when reporting crash-report directory changes.

Assisted-by: GPT-6 Astra
Co-Authored-By: GPT-6 Astra <[email protected]>
Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(runtime): classify the fault bridge's fatal _exit in main's exit inventory ... 861d9aba6f

Main's crash records (#75) added an exhaustive inventory of host process
exits to test_crash_record.py, which scans every host/**/*.c on every
platform. darwin_fault.c's nested-fault _exit(128 + sig) is fatal, so it
is listed as one and exempt from the clean-end mark, like hos_thread.c's
ExitProcess(3). Without it the inventory fails on Windows and Linux too.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

feat(vk): add macOS Vulkan loader and device admission ... b73888eb6f

Select a local Vulkan loader or MoltenVK with RX_VK_LIBRARY and keep SDL and
renderer startup on that same library. Capture SDL's instance extensions on
the window thread, enable advertised portability extensions, and name missing
admission requirements and VkResults without changing Windows or Linux paths.

Keep the non-Apple host API at 21 for existing prebuilt renderers; append the
two macOS callbacks only in Apple's version 22. Cover pure decisions, legacy
platform expectations, ABI layout, and the SDL2/SDL3 bridge without a GPU.

Assisted-by: GPT-6 Astra
Co-Authored-By: GPT-6 Astra <[email protected]>
Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(vk): use semantic admission contracts ... 1f4abf7d2d

Remove the SDL source-string wiring and source-index ordering assertions while
keeping the sixteen compiled behavioral cases and surface adapter compile.
Replace the comment-sensitive API header hash with fixed baseline field names,
byte offsets, versions and sizes, retaining typed Apple callback checks and
both platforms' actual admission decisions and negative controls.

Production code is unchanged. Prior full-suite and device receipts remain
bound to 818e33b1; only the affected game-free tests were rerun.

Assisted-by: GPT-6 Astra
Co-Authored-By: GPT-6 Astra <[email protected]>
Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(vk): follow main's LoadLibraryA and float-add choice in the admission fixture ... 1ac24df96f

The fixture cuts LoadLibraryA and create_device out of main's source. Since
#34, LoadLibraryA keeps dlerror()'s text in load_error, and since #191
native_fadd_wanted also takes the device ID and driver version, so the cut
code no longer compiled against the fixture's stand-ins on this base. Give
it load_error and a dlerror stand-in, and the four-argument stand-in. No
expectation changed.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(vk): pin the admission ABI at main's version 22 and macOS 23 ... 0f2262a378

Main's custom output size (#51) took MKWVK_API_VERSION 22 on every
platform and appended take_text at offset 352. The macOS loader
callbacks now follow it: the rebased header says 23 on Apple and 22
elsewhere. The fixed contract follows: non-Apple version 22, size 360
and 45 named offsets (take_text added); Apple version 23, size 376,
vulkan_library and vulkan_extensions at 360 and 368.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(runtime): follow main's HLE call counts in the Darwin guest-memory fixture ... cd383fcbbf

Main's HOS_HLE_STATS (#153) made HLE() a counting wrapper: a static
HleCount named by its first field, hos_hle_stats and hos_hle_counted. The
fixture's cut of hos_mem.c now gets those two (off: each body runs
directly) and main's -Wno-missing-field-initializers, as main's other
C fixtures pass. The guest-memory checks are unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

Merge mac/fault-contexts (#436) into mac/guest-16k ... fe9299ffe7

This PR needs the macOS fault-context PR (#436); its commits are kept as they are.
The one conflict, host/posix/win32_posix.c's Apple include block, keeps both
darwin_mem.h (the guest-memory PR's) and darwin_fault.h (#436's).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(macos): serialize guest backing and native-page watch lifetimes ... d10a961bea

Keep address-region and page frees owned until discard or in-place zeroing
finishes. Route guest mutations from each image to one executable-owned
registry, and pin complete imported backing through duplicate and overlapping
GPU memory lifetimes without querying the renderer under ownership locks.

Use real Mach query ranges and protections, preserve byte-exact 4 KiB guest
ownership and 64 KiB commit semantics, and handle all native watch subpages
with checked fault recovery and conservative dirty coverage. Replace racy
bulk dirty-byte reads with same-granule atomics.

Add game-free native arm64/Rosetta fixtures for two-image dispatch, actual
faults, aliases, failures, and deterministic free/reallocate/import races.
Carry prior RSS evidence rather than repeat unchanged experiments.

Assisted-by: GPT-6 Astra
Co-Authored-By: GPT-6 Astra <[email protected]>
Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(macos): retain pending watch faults across protection changes ... 1f69fa8366

Keep a cancelled-writable watch state so an already pending diagnostic fault
is acknowledged without rearming or changing permissions. Check the real
mapping before acknowledgement; intentional read-only/no-access stays closed.

Freeze affected watch pages once, preflight the complete native range against
Mach maximum permissions, and issue one protection operation. Preserve prior
watch states when either preflight or the native operation fails.

Exercise the real Win32 vectored dispatcher, signal-handler retention and the
next genuine watch fault. Cover permission failures both before preflight and
after a deterministic barrier, with real Mach maximum-protection changes and
no manufactured VM results, on native arm64 and Rosetta.

Assisted-by: GPT-6 Astra
Co-Authored-By: GPT-6 Astra <[email protected]>
Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(macos): make the guest-memory changes Apple-only; Windows and Linux keep main's code ... d092e30e2b

The two commits before this one also changed Windows and Linux: the
dirty-page scan read its marks with byte atomics, the renderer's zeroed
guest memory was marked written, an empty range consumed no mark,
allocation failures in the scan and in the address-region bookkeeping
were fatal, hos_region_alloc refused a bad size or alignment,
hos_mark_written clamped its length, and VirtualQuery checked its
pointer and set last_error. Nobody has timed the scan there, so each of
these is now inside #if defined(__APPLE__), with main's code in the
#else. unifdef -U__APPLE__ of every host/ file this branch changes
equals main's byte for byte, and so do their preprocessed Linux and
Windows token streams. Issue #432 is the version for every platform.

test_collect_wide's fixture compiles the scan the platform builds: byte
atomics, and an empty range consuming nothing, on macOS; main's word
loads elsewhere.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

docs(macos): describe the guest window's one owner, import pins and native-page watches ... afa7490c0f

The guest-memory section still described the groundwork alone: it said
the write watch and VirtualQuery were separate work and that the
region allocator's unlock-before-discard race remained. Describe the
executable's single owner and how each image reaches it, frees that
keep their range until the bytes are gone, import pins, the real
VirtualQuery and VirtualProtect, the native-page watch and the atomic
dirty scan, that all of it is macOS only (issue #432), and the test's
two narrower modes.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

Merge mac/vk-admission (#438) into mac/renderer-correctness ... 4975b01a13

Carries the vk-admission pull request's commits, which this one needs
(MkwVkHost's Apple callbacks, darwin_vulkan.h), on top of guest-16k.
host/posix/win32_posix.c: its Apple include block keeps darwin_mem.h,
darwin_fault.h and darwin_vulkan.h.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(macos): pin renderer imports through final resource ownership ... 7d168a5e06

Append Apple23 full-backing import lifetime callbacks while preserving the
non-Apple21 layout. Keep buffer views move-only, release buffers before the
last memory owner unpins backing, and preserve completion-gated retirement.
Unpublished failures unwind; published roots retain process lifetime rather
than calling Vulkan from unsafe static teardown.

Check and unwind post-device startup allocations. Resolve the shared audio
shim through the executable-owned SDL service on Darwin without unresolved
weak imports or linker relaxation. Retain the existing loader/SDL behavior.

Add game-free owner, ABI, source-topology and strict-link consumers, including
both native arm64 and x86_64 routes. This slice does not claim to fix separate
host-import alias visibility or implement the final alias admission planner.

Assisted-by: GPT-6 Astra
Co-Authored-By: GPT-6 Astra <[email protected]>
Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(macos): cut the non-Apple Pool and import route in three more fixtures ... 1e5388270c

044635ea gave vk_memory.cpp's Pool an Apple-only DarwinImportView member and
import_pool an Apple route (darwin_import_pool) right after its guards. It
moved test_import_buffer_binding and test_texel_buffer_ownership onto the
Windows/Linux layout (#if defined(__APPLE__) -> #if 0: the Apple owner has
its own darwin_import_lifetime_test), but three more fixtures cut the same
code and stopped compiling on macOS. Each passes at 58c5c5aa (044635ea's
parent) and fails at 044635ea:

- test_direct_buffer_writes and test_parallel_rb_refresh: their cut of
  struct Pool named DarwinImportView. They now cut Pool's Windows/Linux
  layout, the same one they compiled before.
- nx2/test_import_windows: its cut of import_pool's guards, which ends at
  the import, took in the unterminated Apple #if. It now ends at the Apple
  route, which must stay one #if just before the import; the fixture's own
  continuation models the Windows/Linux import as before.

No assertion, case or check is removed or loosened. test_parallel_rb_refresh
and test_import_windows also need the renderer-core extractions (next).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(vk): drain the recorder before startup rollback destroys the allocator ... 3bdfb9296b

044635ea added vma_startup_rollback (vk_vma.cpp, run after a failed
replay_start), which calls vmaDestroyAllocator. vk_vma.cpp includes
vk_work.h last so that RX_VK_RECORDER=defer/thread drains before its
destructions, and every such boundary call in a vk_work.h file must be in
RX_REC_BOUNDARIES with a drain-first macro. This one was not, and
test_recorder_sync caught it ("vk_vma.cpp calls ['vmaDestroyAllocator'],
which vk_work.h does not drain before"): it passes at 58c5c5aa (044635ea's
parent) and fails at 044635ea.

Add it to the list and to vk_work.h, next to vmaDestroyBuffer and
vmaDestroyImage. With the recorder off (the default) boundary() is a
relaxed load and a branch. Rollback runs before any image or buffer exists,
so nothing should be held there today, but the allocator is no longer
destroyed while a recorder could still hold packets. The test is unchanged
(sources: 42 boundaries drained, was 41).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(macos): follow main's #324 and #250 in the Darwin renderer fixture ... 2764a8a6c6

tests/test_darwin_renderer.py cuts vk_memory.cpp's code into
darwin_import_lifetime_test.cpp. Two of main's changes since this
branch's first base broke that cut on the rebase, before any check ran:

- #324 reworded the comment after imports_give_back's drain of the
  evicted pools ("(longshot) Off by default on Windows ..." is now
  "(longshot) Default by OS and vendor ..."). The cut ends at that
  comment, so it now looks for the new words. The cut code is the same
  drain loop as before.
- #250 (sparse mirrors) made retire_pool erase a retired pool from
  sparse_wanted. The fixture's stand-ins gain an empty sparse_wanted,
  beside mirror_wanted, as main declares it (std::vector<Pool*>).

No assertion, case or expected output changes.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(vk): follow the moved Pool in test_mirror_gpu_only's cut ... f78ae3edcb

107fda29 moves the new pool into the import table
(imported.emplace(p.lo, std::move(p))) instead of copying it.
tests/test_mirror_gpu_only.py ends its cut of pool_lookup's merge at
"imported.emplace(p.lo, p)", so it stopped with "substring not found"
(full-suite receipt full-91f9a58d: the only check that passes on main
and fails here). It now ends at the moved form. The check is the same:
the merged pool must take in the gpu_only and gpu_written marks of the
pools it absorbs before it goes into the table.

On the macOS integration branch this was hidden: renderer-core's
53b8914d rewrote the same line for its imported_add. When that pull
request rebases onto this one, its line replaces this one.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(macos): the import pin callbacks are macOS host API version 24 ... 0f54963d80

Main's custom output size (#51) took MKWVK_API_VERSION 22 everywhere, so
the macOS loader callbacks (#438) became version 23 after take_text, and
this branch's guest_import_pin and guest_import_unpin, appended after
them, become version 24. The Apple table is now 392 bytes with the four
callbacks at 360, 368, 376 and 384; the admission contract and the
renderer startup fixture pin exactly that. Windows and Linux stay at 22.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

feat(vk): descriptors bound as pieces in the SPIR-V back end and program variants ... cbcdb34df1

A guest span larger than one device allocation (the cap on MoltenVK/M4 Max is 41,747,087,360 bytes) is bound as
pieces: one descriptor per allocation segment, at the descriptor's own binding (reports/2026-11-14-full-range-design.md
sections 4.1-4.4). This is the shader half; the draw side (descriptors, layout, gathers) comes later.

- runtime_info.h: SegEntry {Storage|Table|TexBuf|ImgBuf, desc, pieces} and RuntimeInfo::segmented.
- Back end: a segmented storage buffer is an array of pieces at its binding (a table count * pieces, entry k's piece j
  at k * pieces + j); its loads, stores and atomics call DontInline helpers made after main, which find the piece by
  the pieces' OpArrayLength in order, with constant indices. The global memory fallbacks sum the pieces' lengths for a
  segmented descriptor's bound end and branch to its piece (single, native candidate, table written out and in the
  loop). Texel and image buffers are arrays too, their fetches, reads, writes and atomics through helpers that pick
  the piece by OpImageQuerySize, and a texel buffer's size query sums the pieces. ImageQuery was declared for every
  module already. With RuntimeInfo::segmented empty nothing new is made: the SPIR-V is byte-identical.
- vk_shader: SegSig (entries, hash) on Program, seg_sig and seg_variant; program_segmented finds or translates the
  variant of a plain program with plain's texture questions and answers and checks its descriptors are plain's;
  program_pick, mesh_program_locked, program_find_plain, loaded_variants and portable_variant keep the plain and
  segmented variants apart; every stage's RuntimeInfo::segmented comes from Program::seg.
- vk_progcache: a segmented variant is never written to the program cache nor listed among the loaded programs.
- tests/test_seg_shader.py + tests/seg_shader_ir.cpp: synthetic IR programs through the real back end, plain and
  segmented; structure checks, spirv-val (Vulkan 1.3, uniform buffer standard layout), and with --base-tree a byte
  comparison of the plain modules against an older tree. Five source-reading checks follow the new Program field and
  the atomics' new branch.

The translator stamp changes with this (eden/, vk_shader.cpp, sizeof(Program)): every program cache is rebuilt once.
Land it in the same release as the vk_api.h change that already does so.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit b7928876dab846485f667c1c934d34d25ecef035)

feat(vk): plan where an oversize guest span is cut into import segments ... 411e2885ca

A connected guest span that the views of one operation need can be larger than
one device allocation (41,747,087,360 bytes on MoltenVK 1.4.2, M4 Max). It is
then imported as disjoint, adjacent segments of at most the cap.
gpu/vk/span_segments.h (rules only, no Vulkan) chooses the cuts: multiples of
the import granularity, the fewest segments, the least cost of the views a cut
splits (gathers by their bytes, then uniform, texel and storage buffers), a
cost for moving a previous cut, and the lowest addresses on ties. It maps any
guest range onto the segments, and splits a texel view at cuts and at
maxTexelBufferElements, reporting 12-byte seams. Invalid input gets an
explicit refusal. Nothing uses it yet: vk_memory.cpp takes it later.

tests/test_span_segments.py checks it against brute force at caps of 48 KiB,
64 KiB, 96 KiB and 1 MiB with 16 KiB granularity, plus the 48 GiB example, the
512 GiB guest window and the top of the u64 range (--arch arm64 / x86_64 on
macOS).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 11e53b66ffbdddd0cfeaa7a043361a337299d855)

feat(vk): let the segment planner add segments that pay for themselves ... 6fd02124bc

With the fewest segments, a large gathered view can be cut on every draw
although one more segment would keep it whole: a 32 GiB index extent at
[8, 40) GiB in a 48 GiB domain at the 41,747,087,360-byte cap is split by
every two-segment cut list. plan() now weighs any number of segments, each
one beyond the fewest at Weights::segment (2^32 bytes-equivalent, above a
move), and returns the least cost, then the fewest segments, then the lowest
cuts. Every cut of that plan is a mark (the first multiple of g at or above a
demand's end, or a previous cut) or ceil(next cut - cap), so the search runs
over those candidates and is exact over [k_min, k_min + min(marks,
C0 / segment)]; a least plan over 4096 segments is refused. Plan::extra
reports the added segments.

The test brute-forces the same range of segment counts, checks a DP over
every count, and adds the 32 GiB extent (three segments, nothing gathered).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 189d0636cb5e90e0d98de397d0b9676a5f8354c2)

fix(macos): storage buffer tables get descriptor sets on MoltenVK ... 77a91fc936

MoltenVK 1.4.2 binds a push descriptor set's resources one by one, never
through a Metal argument buffer (MVKDescriptorSet.mm pickArgumentBufferMode
returns Off for every push layout, and the pipeline names that set to
SPIRV-Cross as discrete). The SPIR-V back end declares a storage buffer
table (count > 1: Info::global_tables, the task and mesh programs'
c0+0x880 table) as one fixed-size array per typed view, all at one binding
(DefineSsbos; any global memory access uses the U32, U32x2 and U32x4
views), and SPIRV-Cross 6c09849f aliases such arrays only inside an
argument buffer. So every pushed program with a table failed: 256
"Attempting to alias same binding with a descriptor array which is not
implemented through argument buffers" errors and as many failed compute
pipelines in the first Mac start (mac-arm64-a5f2d6f9-01).

vk_vendor.h gets a fix, set_for_tables, on by default only for
VK_DRIVER_ID_MOLTENVK, with RX_VK_SET_FOR_TABLES to force it either way.
ensure_layout's push decision moves into layout_pushes(): with the fix on,
a set that has an array of storage buffers is not pushed but allocated
from the recording's pool, the path programs over the push limit already
take, where MoltenVK's sets are Metal 3 argument buffers. Every other set
is still pushed, the bindings are the same either way, and the SPIR-V,
the translator stamp and the program cache are unchanged. The vendor
fixes' log line at device creation says whether it is on, and a MoltenVK
run with MVK_CONFIG_USE_METAL_ARGUMENT_BUFFERS=0 is warned that these
programs cannot translate.

tests/test_set_for_tables.py compiles vk_draw.cpp's layout code (kPushSize
to the end of ensure_layout) on made-up programs and devices: on MoltenVK
a set with a table (compute, task, fragment) is a set, a set without one
(texture arrays and a constant buffer of count 2 included) is pushed;
ten other drivers push as before; the switch works both ways. It fails
on the base with 7 of 79 cases. tests/test_vendor_fixes.py adds a MoltenVK
device and the switch, and checks that the fix stays out of the
translation's profile and stamp. Windows and Linux: same layouts as
before; the log line gains one field.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 0c2fea2a303a5158d12ebc87bcd28467486486ef)

fix(macos): programs reading storage buffer lengths get descriptor sets on MoltenVK ... e90ba9a66c

MoltenVK 1.4.2 writes the buffer sizes SPIRV-Cross reads for OpArrayLength
in a discretely bound set only in bindDescriptorSets
(MVKCommandEncoderState.mm), never in pushDescriptorSet, and it binds every
push set discretely. So every pushed storage buffer's length read 0
whatever its range, while an ordinary set's (a Metal 3 argument buffer
with its own sizes) was exact (GPU probe,
reports/2026-11-14-null-range-probe.md). The back end measures storage
buffers in its global memory search (DefineGlobalMemoryFunctions:
native_global_bounds' candidates and every single storage buffer), so in a
pushed program no buffer ever held a global address: global stores and
atomics were dropped, the atomics returned 0, and loads the page table
does not serve read 0.

vk_vendor.h gets set_for_lengths, on by default only for
VK_DRIVER_ID_MOLTENVK, with RX_VK_SET_FOR_LENGTHS to force it either way.
The new gpu/vk/spirv_lengths.h (no Vulkan, as fallback_size_policy.h)
walks a module's words for OpArrayLength.
Each Stage gets array_length, noted beside its phis wherever the program
cache handles its SPIR-V: program_cache_save after translation (before the
program is published), a whole record read, and complete_from for a
compute program read without its code. The words are not kept anywhere a
layout could scan them later, and a light compute program's layout is made
before its code is read, so until then (array_length -1) a stage counts as
reading a length where it uses global memory: outside segmented variants,
which the cache never keeps, that is the only place the back end measures
a storage buffer. layout_pushes(p, bindings, total) then refuses a push
for any program with a length in any stage. Every other program, every
other driver, the SPIR-V, the translator stamp and the program cache are
unchanged.

The vendor fixes' log line says whether it is on, and at close one line
says how many programs it gave a set (and how many of those were decided
before their code was read).

tests/test_set_for_lengths.py builds real back end modules
(tests/set_for_lengths_ir.cpp: compute and vertex global memory with a
single storage buffer, 18 OpArrayLength each; global memory with nothing to
search; direct storage in compute, vertex and fragment stages, none), then
compiles vk_draw.cpp's layout code with their descriptors and notes:
138 layouts on MoltenVK and ten other drivers, with the switch unset, 0
and 1, stages not read yet, and the bindings equal pushed or not; plus the
renderer's scan on the same modules and on words that are not a module,
and the count kept for the log. test_vendor_fixes.py covers the new fix
on 17 devices, both ways of the switch, and its absence from the
translation's profile and stamp. The program cache fixtures
(program_cache_one_variant_test.cpp, program_cache_cleanup_test.cpp), which
compile vk_progcache.cpp's functions, include spirv_lengths.h beside
fallback_size_policy.h.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit bf5ca961c91479da13e8923387012ef6dc7fb2c7)

fix(macos): stages with more than 8 read_write textures get descriptor sets on MoltenVK ... fc5a86dcba

On MoltenVK 1.4.2 a pushed set is bound outside an argument buffer
(MVKDescriptorSet.mm pickArgumentBufferMode: push layouts are Off), and
there Metal's compiler takes at most 8 read_write textures in one function:
TexelDescProbe TD5 (40 storage images and 9 storage texel buffers in one
compute stage) failed pipeline creation pushed with "number of textures
with read_write access exceeds maximum supported (8)", and worked in an
ordinary set (Metal 3 argument buffers). The device reports
maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages 256 (MoltenVK sets
maxPerStageStorageTextureCount to its argument buffers' texture count), so
nothing in Vulkan's limits stops it.

Which descriptors count: SPIRV-Cross 6c09849f declares a storage image
(sampled 2), storage texel buffers included as texture_buffer since
MoltenVK sets texture_buffer_native, access::read_write unless the
variable is decorated NonWritable or NonReadable (spirv_msl.cpp
image_type_glsl), and it never adds those decorations itself. The eden back
end decorates none (DefineImages, DefineImageBuffers), although Info knows
is_read and is_written. So every storage image and storage texel buffer
counts, by descriptor; sampled images and uniform texel buffers do not.
The limit is per Metal function, that is per stage.

layout_pushes now refuses a push under the existing set_for_tables fix
when any stage's storage images and storage texel buffers, counted by the
bindings' descriptorCount, exceed 8. It is the same cause and remedy as a
storage buffer table (a shape a pushed set cannot take on MoltenVK, where
the pipeline fails; an ordinary set takes it), and RX_VK_SET_FOR_TABLES
covers both, so the vendor fixes' log line is unchanged. ensure_layout
records where each stage's bindings begin, so the mesh fallback's task
and mesh stages, both compute, are counted apart. The programs moved for
it are counted and logged at close (draw_layouts_report). Every other
driver, the SPIR-V, the translator stamp and the program cache are
unchanged.

tests/test_set_for_tables.py gains 55 layouts: 8 and 9 storage images,
5+3 and 5+4 images and texel buffers, 9 texel buffers, an image array of
8 and of 9, graphics stages of 8+8 (pushed) and 0+9, the fallback's task
and mesh stages of 5+5 (pushed) and 4+9, and 41 read-only textures beside
8 storage images (pushed), on MoltenVK; the 9s on the ten other drivers
(pushed); the switch both ways; and the count kept for the close. It
fails on 7b82e199. test_vendor_fixes.py follows the new call and checks
the count reaches the close's log.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 162aca1b3cce50adde9250f14b209a4e5b4c1331)

fix(vk): MslArrayPtr: no pointer into a storage buffer array is passed to a function ... 9d48901abf

On MoltenVK a segmented storage program with a compare-exchange loop (an
increment, decrement or float add the device does not have) failed pipeline
creation: NullProbe revision 02's NS2, "no matching function for call",
&ssbo0_4[0u] given to a device _66 * parameter. SPIRV-Cross's MSL (6c09849f,
MoltenVK 1.4.2) passes a storage buffer pointer to a function by value, and
takes the address of the argument's expression: for an element of a buffer
array, which MSL holds as an array of pointers, that is the address of the
pointer (reports/2026-11-14-msl-arrayptr.md).

A descriptor bound as pieces now has its loops written out in the piece,
inside the segmented helper (CasLoopHere, CasStoreHere: CasLoop's loop,
attempt for attempt, its variables made first in the helper), instead of
calling the CasLoop function or write_storage_cas_loop_func with a pointer
into the pieces' array. Every other program is as before byte for byte.

Tests: test_seg_shader.py checks that no module passes a pointer into a
buffer descriptor array to a function. The two checks that cut the back
end's source follow the new loop and parameter.

Ported from macos/msl-arrayptr, where it was committed on NullShader, to the
pieces alone: here every storage access that reaches a segmented helper is
in pieces, so the loops are always written out. Left for the NullShader
change: the bound-whole branch that still calls the function with its
block, the guarded helper's cas_loop, and the tests that need NullShader or
tests/spirv_run.h (the CPU runs of the loops and of a storage buffer table,
--changed-segmented and the *.cpurun comparison).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit bd396010887afab9520181009db1b56a4cc425e3)

feat(vk): texel codecs in the SPIR-V back end and program variants ... c16eac09d9

A texel buffer whose format the GPU gives no texel buffer view (MoltenVK 1.4.2 on Apple GPUs: R32G32B32_SFLOAT, the
R8G8B8 formats and the 16-bit packed ones) is read and written through an R8, R16 or R32 UINT view of the same bytes,
with the format's decode and encode in the shader (reports/2026-11-14-texel-formats-design.md section 4).

- Back end: RuntimeInfo::texel_codecs (TexelEntry: a texture or image buffer descriptor and its Shader::TexelCodec),
  honoured with Profile::support_texel_codecs only. Carrier images, per-codec decode and encode functions of integer
  operations alone (normalized components through tables of the exact floats, writes rounded to nearest even from the
  float's bits), whole-texel bounds (reads past the last texel 0, writes dropped, the size the elements over k), an
  integer format's own view read as U32 or S32 texels, and composition with the segmented piece arrays (the helpers
  take each descriptor's own image type). Typed storage accesses and atomics keep the view of their declared format:
  a codec there is refused. With no codec the SPIR-V is byte for byte as before.
- Renderer: gpu/vk/texel_codec.h, the plan shared by the variants and (next) the views; texel_codecs_on (macOS, from
  the format query, RX_VK_TEXEL_CODECS); each texel buffer's codec a variant answer (desc | Program::kTexelAnswer, so
  the program cache and the pipeline state list carry it as they are), checked by still_valid; "txcd" in the
  translator stamp when on; program cache format 2.
- Tests: tests/seg_shader_ir.cpp and tests/spirv_run.h emit every codec plain and in pieces, validate it, run its
  decode and encode on the CPU against reference conversions (every input of the 8- and 16-bit formats, random and
  boundary sets for 32-bit) and run its entry point over texel buffers in memory; the GPU probe's codec module.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 783eb1898b91d505ff22a31f337256c5047d0177)

fix(macos): vk_memory.cpp compiles on macOS: #324's evicted_pools declaration is not Apple's ... 7bf1589934

Main's #324 (a4c77174) declares `extern std::deque<…> evicted_pools;` above
memory_guest_imported, which reads it on Windows and Linux. This branch
defines evicted_pools on macOS as a process-owned reference
(`auto& evicted_pools = *new std::deque<…>;`), so after the rebase onto
6c9edffe vk_memory.cpp did not compile for macOS ("redefinition of
'evicted_pools' with a different type"). The game-free fixtures cut the
functions out and never compile the whole file, so they did not see it.

The declaration is now for Windows and Linux only: on macOS
memory_guest_imported answers through darwin_guest_imported, which comes after
the definition. Windows and Linux compile the same text as before.

First made on mac/renderer-core, where this branch is merged.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 444e05c119a261b36c7c762abf9d26194b0ee417)

Merge mac/renderer-correctness (#491) into mac/renderer-core c70e444462

Merge fix/import-lookback (#431) into mac/renderer-core ... 7628abcc5d

# Conflicts:
#	gpu/vk/vk_memory.cpp
#	tests/test_mirror_gpu_only.py
#	tests/test_parallel_rb_refresh.py

fix(vk): join #431's import table helpers with #491's macOS Pool ... 0030e14a5e

#431 (fix/import-lookback) makes imported_add and imported_take the import
table's only ways in and out. #491 (mac/renderer-correctness) gives the
macOS Pool an import view (DarwinImportView) that owns the imported memory
and cannot be copied, defines the table on macOS as a process-owned map,
and releases imports through destroy_import. Merged, they do not build or
test on macOS:

- imported_add took a const Pool& and copied it. It now takes Pool&& and
  moves it into the table (the macOS stack's form, 53b8914d). Its callers
  already move (the merge kept #491's moves); the fixtures that call it with
  a local pool move it, or a copy where they read the pool afterwards
  (nx2/test_import_windows.py). Windows and Linux insert the same Pool at
  the same key: a move in place of a copy.
- test_import_reach.py cut the Pool and the scans with their Apple guards,
  so on macOS the fixture met DarwinImportView. It now resolves the Apple
  guards to the other side (test_vk_darwin_admission.py's select, as
  test_darwin_renderer.py does; the macOS route is that test's), cuts
  destroy_import where the source has it, and its source check does not
  count macOS's definition of the table as a change to it.
- test_darwin_renderer.py's Darwin fixture cuts live_reach, imported_add and
  imported_take (darwin_import_lifetime_test.cpp includes import_reach.h),
  and its queue-slot order check finds imported_take where the source has it.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(macos): import NOACCESS guest pages and name a missing audio service ... 5717d3974c

RendererSliceReview findings on 044635ea, forwarded by the parent.

darwin_import_commit refused a whole import when any page in its range was
committed but NOACCESS. Darwin's VirtualQuery reports the demand-paged guest
window committed with each page's own protection, so an explicit NOACCESS or
a diagnostic watch page dropped every binding in that range to zeros, where
the pre-pin path tried the import and let the driver's VkResult decide. The
CPU protection of a committed page is CPU-side state: such pages are now left
exactly as they are and the import proceeds; only an unmapped page or a failed
query refuses. Whether MoltenVK/Metal imports a NOACCESS host range is left to
its own result; a GPU arm for the parent-released probe settles it.

waveOutOpen on macOS returned MMSYSERR_ERROR without a word when the
executable provides no hos_posix_audio_open. The lookup now names the missing
service once, on stderr; nothing else changes.

Tests: darwin_import_lifetime_test.cpp imports a range with a committed
NOACCESS page (no commit, no reprotection); test_darwin_audio_service.py
counts the line: once with the provider missing, never with it present. Both
fail on an archived 73f90266.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 9e3832639a33e22dc8672e80a64354eb729c4c48)

feat(vk): admit an operation's guest buffers before it binds them (alias isolation, macOS) ... 6e765c8d5c

Two host imports of the same bytes read stale data within one submission on MoltenVK. Under alias
isolation (set in memory_init on Apple only) every operation's guest buffers are admitted before it
binds the first, and no import is replaced while recorded work may still reach it:

- Seam: memory_admit / replay_admit on the replay thread (replay_mu, no parallel worker): draw()
  (mesh records, then its buffers once the pipeline is known), dispatch() (the upscale stand-in, then
  its buffers), the replay's signal, buffer copy, fill and uniform update, the textures of every
  copy and clear, and copy_b2t's buffer side once its texture is resolved.
- Resolver: one side-effect-free description of what each binding path binds, from the binders' own
  helpers (uniform_bind_size, storage_binding, texel_buffer_extent, buffer_extent, the *_bytes
  helpers), including the GPU unswizzle's source (texture_unswizzle_source), the temporal
  upscaler's actor motion (temporal_actor_demands) and the diagnostic readers' copies
  (RX_VK_DRAW_STATS, RX_VK_DUMP). tests/test_resolver_coverage.py holds every gpu_buffer_bind /
  gpu_buffer call site of the renderer to its resolver demand and its seam.
- Covering reuse: a range a live import holds needs nothing; on Apple a range inside a live import's
  backing becomes a new view on that memory. Backing extents count for alias conflicts.
- Handoff: end the pass, flush the uniform updates before this place, device-to-host barrier,
  submit, wait, then import (old memories retired and kept to completion, page-table changes
  deferred), host-to-device barrier.
- Cohorts: different operations whose union passes the cap get one memory each, with a handoff.
- Under batch admission the dry pass's view-making marks are skipped (its command buffer is then
  recorded in order); RX_VK_POOL_END_IMPORTED is ignored under alias isolation (it imported to
  answer a resolver's question).

Off alias isolation (Windows, Linux) nothing of this runs and every binding path is unchanged.

Tests: test_alias_admission, test_admission_handoff, test_resolver_coverage (new); the Apple
spare-backing reuse and backing-overlap cases in darwin_import_lifetime_test; extractions of
test_import_chunk_default, test_fallback_depth_hold, test_vulkan_copy_span(_gpu_compile),
test_draw_side_effects and test_vk_occlusion_queries follow the moved code, every assertion kept
(the last two also check the admission seam). test_import_reach.py's main() call is restored: the
53b8914d copy ran nothing.

Published on main 6c9edffe with #491 and #431 below it (mac/renderer-core):
- actor_reads binds main's index bytes (count << itype) for every index
  type, as main's actor_motion does. The macOS stack's copy bound nothing
  for an index type outside 0..2, which would change Windows and Linux too;
  such a draw does not reach actor_motion (bones_used refuses it when the
  draw is noted) unless its model key matches a draw of another index type,
  so that guard is left out of this macOS PR.
- vk_temporal.cpp: #59 (actor motion pairs copies by place) copies a pose
  read at its draw from the stage; the copy from the game's memory, its
  else branch, binds through actor_reads.
- vk_memory.cpp imports_give_back keeps #324's retire grace beside alias_ref.
- test_import_reach.py keeps #431's source check and prefetch case and takes
  the admission excerpts and --arch. Its main() call needed no restoring:
  #431's copy has it.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit ae1d7812c12f3e64941da0c34bb3541eb695f6db)

feat(vk): import a span past one device allocation as segments (SegMem, alias isolation) ... e125114077

A connected guest span one operation needs that is larger than max_import_size (41,747,087,360 bytes
on MoltenVK 1.4.2, M4 Max) was left unplanned (admit_over_cap): its bindings came back empty. It is
now a segmented domain (reports/2026-11-14-full-range-design.md 2.1, 2.3, 5.3-5.5), in place of
that branch:

- memory_admit plans it as disjoint, adjacent segments where span_segments::plan cuts them (the
  operation's views and classes as demands, the domain's previous cuts kept unless moving one pays,
  priced extra segments), each an ordinary Pool of at most the cap: one import, its own page-table
  entries, mirror, write-backs and retirement. Only segments holding a demand are imported; every
  live import over their bytes is retired, after a handoff when recorded work may reach it.
- A view across a cut is never one memory: pool_lookup refuses it (counted, logged), not owed to an
  admission. gpu_span_bind (vk_internal.h SpanRef) gives its pieces, one per segment, for the
  consumers' failure branches; gpu_span_pieces and gpu_span_layout describe them binding nothing.
- Domains change only at an admission, never while parallel workers run (debug-checked with the
  design's invariants, seg_invariants); a batch past the cap is admitted as segments instead of
  being recorded in order. memory_admit loses its batch flag and AdmissionStats its splits.
- span_unused_piece: the hook the NullDesc design fills (MoltenVK has no nullDescriptor: an unused
  piece slot of a storage table cannot be null).
- import_planned retires a taken-in import only while it is still over the plan's bytes (two
  segment plans of one admission may name the same old import).

Off alias isolation nothing of this runs.

Tests: test_segmented_domains (the 48 GiB A/B case at the real cap, the priced extra segment,
injected small caps, growth with the cuts kept, a moved cut after a handoff, frozen under workers,
a refused domain reported, nothing off alias isolation; fails on the planner commit and on the
archived base); test_resolver_coverage lists gpu_span_bind's bindings and holds future callers to
a failure branch.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 9fb9b3b4a60af49e54031d9c7707cdaf71fa5117)

test(vk): follow the renderer-core merge's moved code in three extractions ... 05b032fb59

The renderer-core merge (f216d287) moved code three fixtures cut out of the
sources. ae1d7812 updated the extractions it listed; these three it missed
(its named set held no nx2/ tests, and the other two already failed on its
base for the reason the previous commit fixes). The code moved; what it does
did not change, so each fixture follows it and keeps every assertion and case:

- nx2/test_cbuf_table_extent: ae1d7812 moved uniform_range's `used` lines,
  unchanged, into uniform_used(), which the resolver shares, and
  uniform_range calls it. The test searched for those lines after
  uniform_range( (ValueError). It now cuts uniform_used's body, from the
  same `uint32_t used = index < Shader::Info::MAX_CBUFS` line, and
  uniform_range's own `used` up to the driver banks, and runs both as
  uniform_range does.
- tests/test_parallel_rb_refresh: ae1d7812 moved build_descriptors'
  bare-entry guess and binding range into storage_binding() (b.addr, b.size,
  b.bare, ...). The fixture now cuts storage_binding's guess and range and
  build_descriptors' binding from them, through memory_note_gpu_write, the
  lines it cut before. 53b8914d made memory_note_gpu_write's scan stop by
  import_reach.h's live_reach, so the fixture includes the header, cuts
  live_reach and imported_add, and adds its pool through imported_add.
- nx2/test_import_windows: pool_lookup and the code above it now read
  53b8914d's import_reach (live_reach, imported_add, imported_take) and
  ae1d7812's admission state and alias isolation globals. The fixture cuts
  them (DemandClass and AdmissionStats from vk_internal.h), with isolation
  off as on Windows and Linux and alias_conflict false (as
  tests/import_reach_test.cpp does). Its retire_pool spy and its two seeded
  imports use imported_take/imported_add, the table's only ways in and out.

The three print what they printed at 58c5c5aa.

Published on main 6c9edffe (mac/renderer-core): #431 below this branch
already cuts live_reach, imported_add and imported_take into
nx2/test_import_windows and test_parallel_rb_refresh (its rb_table.inc), so
those two keep #431's cuts and add only what follows ae1d7812: the alias
isolation globals, DemandClass and AdmissionStats, and alias_conflict's
stub; storage_binding's cut.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 64a84e4dbc10017f44cd16fc0fbd7440135ee498)

fix(vk, macos): admit a parallel batch's uniform updates in order, and keep its own updates out of its handoff ... a575aba447

Two findings from the renderer-core review (reports/2026-11-14-renderer-core-review.md), both in vk_replay.cpp's
parallel-batch admission. Neither path is reachable off Apple: admit_fallback and batch_admit are set only where
memory_admission_on() is true.

P2.5: a parallel replay's batch its dry pass could not know is recorded on the replay thread in order (Mode::Worker,
admit_fallback), each operation admitted as the serial replay admits it, except NOP_UPDATE_UB, whose worker branch broke out
before op_admit. Its destination is bound at the recording's end (flush_ub_updates -> gpu_write); one that needed a growth over
reached memory was refused by the guard and written on the CPU out of GPU order. The worker branch now admits it under
admit_fallback, before the update counts as passed, so a handoff there writes only the updates before it.

P3.1: a batch admitted at once whose admission hands off called admission_handoff() with rmode Serial, which wrote every listed
uniform update into the recording that ends, including the ones the batch's own dry pass had listed (from ub0). admission_handoff
takes the end of the updates to write (ub_end, default all: unchanged for every other caller), and the batch passes ub0.

Tests: tests/test_batch_admission.py (new) runs the NOP_UPDATE_UB case, op_admit, replay_admit, admission_handoff and the batch's
handoff statement cut out of the source; on bacb7c59 both of its cases fail for those reasons. tests/test_admission_handoff.py
cuts admission_handoff out by its name only (its signature gained the parameter).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 39542f89f4443e14b70fb1e46bdaa3e0e330f2ea)

fix(vk, macos): keep every byte the page table reached mapped when an admission retires imports ... 64fb40e1ba

Findings P1 and P2.2 of the renderer-core review (reports/2026-11-14-renderer-core-review.md). Both are in vk_memory.cpp's
admission planner, which runs only under alias isolation (memory_admit returns at once elsewhere: macOS only).

P1, the page-table holes. A plan retires every live import it overlaps (retire_pool zeroes the import's whole range), but two plans
did not cover what they retired:
- the cohort (plan_cohort) retired the imports it overlaps and does not need without growing over them;
- a segment (seg_plan) retired an import that reaches into a segment no demand needs.
Shaders that follow the guest page table then miss on those bytes. The fix, by the rule that no byte reachable before an admission
is left without memory after it (design 5.5):
- admit_rest: the bytes of each retired import that no plan holds are planned with the first plan that retires it, imported
  exactly, before that plan's import (one that fails leaves everything as it was, as mirrors_trim does), and published after it;
  they keep the import's marks (gpu_only, gpu_written, trims, last_value) and count in the handoff's conflict test;
- seg_plan: a segment that replaces live imports makes every segment over those imports needed, to a fixpoint;
- the SegMem span takes in every live import over it, so a segment retires only imports its domain holds whole;
- the cohort's threshold is the device's import cap (max_import_size) under the admission, not kMergeMax: a merge up to the cap is
  one import (pool_lookup keeps kMergeMax: plan_import's merge_max defaults to it);
- admit_apply: a plan that is not made keeps the imports it would retire, and no later plan of the admission retires them.

P2.2, covered demands across a domain's boundary or cut. A range a live import already holds was left out of the domain: across the
domain's edge, the segment's plan retired its import and the guard then refused its binding; across a cut, one live import bound
it whole while gpu_span_pieces reported its pieces. The span's live-import take-in covers the first. For the second, a covered
range that straddles a cut seeds its domain's span (its segments are planned, the crossing import retired with the handoff the
conflict test asks for).

Tests: tests/test_admission_coverage.py with tests/admission_coverage_test.cpp (new; the admission cut out of the source, recorded
imports and page table, injected caps), cases merge-table, cohort-table, segment-table, domain-edge, covered-straddle. Each fails on
bacb7c59 for the reviewed reason (reports/CoreFix-files/repro-base-bacb7c59) and passes here on arm64 and x86_64.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit f29396c79600467b11fbb935a529a4c2511cf533)

fix(vk, macos): one view per byte of an Apple spare backing, and no endless retry of a failed view ... cd889d2136

Findings P2.1 and P3.3 of the renderer-core review (reports/2026-11-14-renderer-core-review.md). The code is Apple-only
(#if defined(__APPLE__) in vk_memory.cpp's admission planner).

P2.1: covering_backing returns the owner's backing for a demand across the end of the owner's view, and the view plan was
[max(want_lo, b->lo), min(want_hi, b->hi)): (a) at the owner's own key, imported_add kept the owner, the new view was destroyed,
memory_admit returned Ready and the guard refused the binding at every admission; (b) at another key, the view overlapped the
owner (eviction of either zeroed page-table entries the other served; seg_invariants broke inside a domain). A failed
darwin_import_view looped the same way. Now:
- view_plan grows the view over every live view on the same backing it overlaps; those are retired when it is made (the same
  memory: alias_conflict excludes it, no handoff; retired views are kept until their work is done) and their gpu_only and
  gpu_written marks carried. A live import of another memory over it means no view: the range is planned as pool_lookup imports it.
- admit_apply makes the view first, then retires what it takes in, then inserts it, and checks the insertion.
- A view that fails is logged, its backing is remembered (weak_ptr) as one that takes no view, and its range is imported on its own
  (the binding, or the guard's debt and the next admission's handoff), never as a view on it again.
P3.3: admit_st.reused counts only a view that went into the table.

Tests: tests/darwin_import_lifetime_test.cpp (the real Apple import code, test_darwin_renderer.py, both arches) gains spare-cross
(a range across a one-chunk owner's end), spare-reuse-count, spare-overlap (a two-chunk owner) and spare-view-failure (the driver
refuses a second buffer on a memory). Each fails on bacb7c59 for the reviewed reason (reports/CoreFix-files/repro-base-bacb7c59)
and passes here; the fixture takes --case NAME to run one alone (the driver's --process-exit is unchanged).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 0c1d2aea03e17a3a10b0c1aa6ef69461d8d405d9)

fix(vk, macos): bg_drain publishes no background import over this epoch's retired memory or across a domain ... 04e170465f

Finding P2.4 of the renderer-core review (reports/2026-11-14-renderer-core-review.md). Under alias isolation (macOS) bg_drain
dropped a background import only when it overlapped a live import or one sat at its start; it never asked alias_conflict, so an
import over bytes a memory retired, evicted or queued dead in the current handoff epoch still held (alias_ref) was published:
two memories over the same bytes in one epoch, the stale read alias isolation prevents. It could also publish a chunk across a
segmented domain's cut. Reachable only with the opt-in background imports (RX_VK_PREFETCH_CHUNKS, RX_VK_ASYNC_IMPORT,
RX_VK_BG_IMPORT).

Under alias isolation bg_drain now also drops (counted in st_prefetch_dropped) an import when alias_conflict holds over its
memory's bytes (on Apple its whole backing), or when it is over a segmented domain (seg_overlaps). The new branch runs only when
alias_isolation is set: off Apple the condition is unchanged. alias_conflict's and seg_overlaps' declarations move up beside the
alias isolation globals, and seg_overlaps' definition into SegMem's state block (above pool_lookup), so bg_drain (and every
fixture that cuts it out with them) sees both.

Tests: tests/admission_coverage_test.cpp gains bg-epoch (an import given back after work reached it, a background import of its
bytes), bg-domain (a background chunk across a cut after the segments were given back) and bg-elsewhere (off alias isolation,
published as before); tests/darwin_import_lifetime_test.cpp gains apple-bg-epoch (Apple's alias_conflict, real import code). The
first two and apple-bg-epoch fail on bacb7c59 for the reviewed reason (reports/CoreFix-files/repro-base-bacb7c59); all pass here
on arm64 and x86_64.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 755ac7e8757fdd30d4809ae1142e51232fae2a9e)

fix(vk, macos): admission merges no import past 1 GiB again, so mirror_make can still mirror it ... 74ee40cbf1

Finding N1 of the core-fix review (reports/2026-11-14-core-fix-review.md). f29396c7 let the admission merge imports up to the
device's import cap (plan_import(..., max_import_size), and the plans' merge at max_import_size). mirror_make refuses a VRAM mirror
for any pool over 1 GiB, and mirrors are on by default for a discrete, non-GCN GPU (an Intel Mac with an RDNA Radeon, which alias
isolation also covers) and with RX_VK_MIRROR=1: such a merged pool lost its mirror, every binding in it reading host memory.

The cap was never needed for correctness once admit_rest keeps a cohort's leftover bytes mapped, so the admission's threshold is
kMergeMax again (cohort plus leftovers past it). plan_import loses the merge_max parameter that only the admission used; it, its
comment and pool_lookup's calls are as on bacb7c59. No correctness reason to keep the cap was found: a cohort and its leftovers
import the same bytes a merge would, each piece no larger than the import it came from.

Off Apple: unchanged (admit_plan runs only under alias isolation; plan_import is textually bacb7c59's again).

Tests: tests/admission_coverage_test.cpp gains merge-mirror (the seam of two live 768 MiB imports at the real cap: no import the
admission makes is larger than mirror_make's limit, which the driver reads from mirror_make itself, and every byte stays mapped).
It fails on 755ac7e8 for that reason (reports/CoreFix-files/repro2-base-755ac7e8) and passes here on arm64 and x86_64;
merge-table (the same seam: every byte mapped, one handoff) passes on both.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 9ccc7c19864991be11d4437211eecf3e430b2a7d)

fix(vk, macos): a segment keeps a crossing import's bytes as leftovers clipped at the cuts, not as whole segments ... 7a51f4a59c

Finding N2 of the core-fix review (reports/2026-11-14-core-fix-review.md). f29396c7's closure in seg_plan marked every segment over
an import a needed segment retires as needed, and each such segment was then imported whole (up to the device's cap, 41.7 GB of
guest address space on an M4 Max) only to keep that import's few bytes in it mapped; and when such a forced segment's import failed
after the needed one's, the crossing import was already retired.

The closure is gone: seg_plan plans only the segments the operation's ranges need. The retired imports' bytes in segments no range
needs are leftovers, as a cohort's are: admit_rest now takes segment plans too and cuts every piece that lies in a domain planned in
this admission at that domain's cuts, so each piece lies in one segment, crosses no cut and overlaps nothing (invariant 1 holds),
and costs no more than the import it came from. They are made before the segment's own import and published after it retires the
import (admit_apply, unchanged), so a failure leaves everything as it was.

Off Apple: unreachable (seg_plan and admit_rest run only from the admission, under alias isolation).

Tests: tests/admission_coverage_test.cpp gains segment-rest (a chunk across the cut into a 100 MiB segment nobody needs, retired by
the segment the operation needs: its 4 MiB there stay one import clipped at the cut, nothing else of that segment is imported, every
byte stays mapped, no import crosses a cut). It fails on 755ac7e8 for that reason (reports/CoreFix-files/repro2-base-755ac7e8) and
passes here on arm64 and x86_64; segment-table, domain-edge and covered-straddle (the other segment cases) pass on both.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 596f0ff4063da99505e7d5df789580fb4cde89f7)

fix(vk, macos): each new import over a retired import's bytes inherits its share of that import's VRAM mirror ... 53a6829900

Open item 1 of the core-fix review (reports/2026-11-14-core-fix-review.md), more reachable after N1 (9ccc7c19): with mirrors on
(a discrete, non-GCN GPU such as an Intel Mac's RDNA Radeon, or RX_VK_MIRROR=1), an import an admission retires whose bytes go to
several new imports (a cohort and that import's leftovers, or two segments over an import across their cut) handed what the GPU
wrote into its mirror and nowhere else to the first of them whose mirror was made only: mirror_make ends a retired pool's wait unless
it is trimmed, so the others' mirrors were filled from guest memory without it.

admit_apply now does what mirrors_trim does for a trim's parts:
- it counts, per import the plans retire, the new pools its bytes go to (the plans over it and its leftovers);
- a retired import with more than one, whose mirror was on (inherit_pending, set by retire_pool), is marked trimmed and counted in
  trims_waiting once the plan that retires it is made, so each new pool takes its share when its mirror is made, and trims_settle
  lets it go once every live pool over its range has its own (or after kIdleEpochs, as before);
- a leftover of an import whose mirror was on wants a mirror at once (MIRROR_WANTED, in mirror_wanted), as a trim's parts do.
trims_waiting is declared ahead of the admission region (its definition, with mirrors_trim, is unchanged).

Mirrors off (Apple Silicon's default): no pool is ever MIRROR_ON, so retire_pool sets no inherit_pending, nothing is marked and no
mirror is wanted: unchanged (the counting runs, without effect). Off Apple: unreachable (admit_apply runs only under alias isolation).

Tests: tests/admission_coverage_test.cpp gains mirror-cohort (the seam's cohort retires a mirrored import: the cohort and the leftover
both inherit, the leftover wants a mirror, trims_settle, cut out of the source, lets the old one go) and mirror-segments (two needed
segments over a mirrored import across their cut); mirror_made models mirror_make's inheritance, whose two tests the driver checks
are in mirror_make verbatim. Both fail on 596f0ff4 for the reviewed reason (reports/CoreFix-files/repro3-base-596f0ff4) and pass here
on arm64 and x86_64; mirror-off (mirrors off: nothing marked, nothing wanted) passes on both. alias_admission_test.cpp,
segmented_domains_test.cpp and darwin_import_lifetime_test.cpp get a trims_waiting stub only (no assertion changed).

Published on main 6c9edffe (mac/renderer-core): darwin_import_lifetime_test's
trims_waiting stub sits beside #491's sparse_wanted stub (main's #250).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 6aa7c2af0fb4e9d0dc57d6eeb8018aaac07ed234)

test(vk): the admission fixtures follow main's #250 sparse mirrors ... e9098f0c81

Main's #250 (sparse mirrors) makes retire_pool drop a retired pool from
sparse_wanted, the pools a binding found a sparse block with no memory in.
test_alias_admission, test_segmented_domains and test_admission_coverage cut
retire_pool out of vk_memory.cpp with the admission, so their fixtures did
not compile on main 6c9edffe ("use of undeclared identifier
'sparse_wanted'"). Each gets the stub darwin_import_lifetime_test already has
(#491). No assertion changes.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

fix(vk, macos): the actor motion's resolver follows #59: a pose read at its draw is not copied ... 508fcb4192

Main's #59 (actor motion pairs a model's copies by place) takes a skinned
draw's pose as the draw read it (temporal_note_skinned_draw, ub_read), through
a host-visible stage, and copies the bones and origin from the game's memory
only for a draw whose pose was not read, or with no stage. actor_reads and
temporal_actor_demands (alias isolation's resolver for the upscaler's actor
motion) still demanded the bones and origin of every skinned draw: a
superset, so admissions on macOS could import or hand off for bytes nothing
binds.

pose_read_at_draw(s, k, staged) is now the one test, actor_motion's (with its
stage) and the resolver's (with the stage actor_motion takes next): the
resolver demands a draw's bones and origin only where actor_motion copies
them, and its vertices and indices always. With no stage made yet the
resolver demands the bones and origin too, since actor_motion's making of the
stage may fail. test_resolver_coverage holds both to that test.

Off alias isolation (Windows, Linux) the resolver does not run, and
actor_motion's test is the same expression as before.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(vk): test_split_ub_flush follows flush_ub_updates' end parameter ... 11d09b9abb

Main's #189 check reads flush_ub_updates by its signature. The admission (6e765c8d) gives it an end, the first update not
written, for a handoff in a dry-passed command buffer, defaulting to SIZE_MAX, so the check's anchor was not found and it
stopped with a ValueError. It now reads the new signature and still requires what it guarded: the writes start at
ub_first_of_recording and, with the default end every caller in maybe_split and finish_recording uses, reach the last
update (end = std::min(end, ub_updates.size())).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

Merge mac/texel-codec (#P21) into mac/seg-contract ... c512cc78a6

This PR needs the texel codec PR (#P21: texel_codec::Plan, which
texel_view_pieces takes) and the renderer-core PR (#P19, the base:
SegMem, gpu_span_bind, SpanLayout). Both are kept as they are; the
merge had no conflicts.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

feat(vk): the segmented consumers' frozen contract (C0) ... ccc6b071c1

The interfaces the four segmented-consumer lanes (SegBind, SegXfer,
TexelDesc, NullShader; reports/2026-11-14-seg-consumer-plan.md section 3)
code against, frozen before they fork. Inert: no caller of anything new,
no SPIR-V, layout, push range or stream change, sizeof(Program) unchanged.

- vk_internal.h / vk_memory.cpp, SegMem's consumer interface:
  gpu_span_any() (a relaxed count of the live domains, stored in
  seg_commit; domains are kept for the run), gpu_span (gpu_buffer's
  flavour of gpu_span_bind: import buffers, no written marks, no mirror),
  SpanLayout::bind_stamp (gpu_bind_stamp(): a segment can be imported
  again with its cuts kept, so cut_gen alone never keys piece buffers),
  span_unused_piece's semantics ({null_storage, 0, 1}), and the SegArena
  API (SegArenaRef, seg_arena_take, seg_gather, seg_scatter; stub bodies
  after stream_alloc that give no room and log, SegBind's to fill).
- Review fixes in the same interface (renderer-core review P2-3, P3.2):
  every piece of gpu_span_bind carries its buffer's device address (the
  import's or the mirror's; 0 only with bufferDeviceAddress off), and its
  one-piece path stores the translated guest address, not a virtual one.
- vk_texture.h/.cpp: texel_view_pieces / texel_piece_views, stubs that
  return 1 and false (TexelDesc's to fill).
- vk_shader.h: Program::presence_words, in what was padding.
- Back end: PRESENCE_PUSH_OFFSET (88), Profile::emulate_null_descriptors,
  Bindings::presence / presence_read with the bit numbering rule.
- tests: test_resolver_coverage lists gpu_span_bind / gpu_span sites too
  (scoped to gpu/vk: gpu/render has an rx::gpu_span of its own), checks
  that gpu_span follows its own gpu_buffer, and splits SITES into
  SITES_BASE plus one block per lane. test_segmented_domains executes the
  contract (the count 0, 1, 2 -> 1 on a merge, 0; gpu_span's pieces;
  addresses with the fixture's gpu_buffer_bind returning none as the real
  one does; the bind stamp; a virtual address's guest). test_seg_shader
  accepts a base tree of this back end's generation and compares every
  module.
- docs/segmented-binding.md: the gate (every new behaviour Apple-only,
  other platforms byte-identical) and one heading per lane.

Conflict on this branch (not with main): tests/test_seg_shader.py's
docstring, against the array_pointer_calls paragraph #P20's
msl-arrayptr port added; both kept, this paragraph first.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 95fa06d4e6526601bd2e1bc88c2f8f5720855350)

Merge mac/mvk-rwtex (#P28) into mac/seg-consumers ... f4c4ddb6c8

The segmented binding PR needs the MoltenVK descriptor-set fixes (#P17
storage buffer tables, #P26 storage buffer lengths; #P28 read_write
textures, which it lands after): ensure_layout's layout_pushes decides
the push, and seg-bind's counts go through it. Their commits are kept as
they are; the merge had no conflicts.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

feat(vk): texel codecs' views, texel piece views, null-descriptor stand-ins and presence words (TexelDesc, L3) ... 230a9158bd

The renderer's half of plan section 6 (reports/2026-11-14-seg-consumer-plan.md), on B2 08cccafb:

- vk_texture.cpp texel_buffer_view(t, v, storage, plan): the plan's view (the format's own, an alias, a typed
  access's declared format, or an R8/R16/R32 UINT carrier), whole-texel ranges at most maxTexelBufferElements of
  the view's elements, plan.zero as a cached 16-byte zero view; key (format, offset, range) with the backing as
  before, every view through one cache helper (texel_view_locked).
- texel_view_pieces / texel_piece_views (C0.4): cut at a segmented domain's cuts (span_segments::texel_pieces, in
  view elements) and, on Apple, at runs of maxTexelBufferElements; each piece view on its segment's buffer (gpu_span
  after gpu_buffer); a stale count, an unbound piece, a seam or a written seam refused loudly (the element absent).
- gpu/vk/null_dummies.h (new, pure): the stand-ins' tables by view type x class x multisample, storage format, and
  the texel zero view's format from the variant's texel answer. vk_texture.cpp null_dummies_make makes them once
  (1x1 zero images, views, four samplers, texel zero views; vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties first; one
  clear submit), only on Apple without nullDescriptor (make_dummies).
- vk_draw.cpp: texel_views with texel_plan / texel_plan_native, P piece views for a segmented variant's entry, the
  zero view of the declared format for an absent element; sampled and storage-image stand-ins, null samplers, the
  default sampler for a real view whose sampler failed; DescWriter presence bits (C0.8 numbering), the graphics
  words kept per thread, push_presence at offset 88.
- Non-Apple, and Apple with nullDescriptor: writes byte-identical to B2 (checked against the B2 cut).

Tests: test_texel_buffer_ownership (extended), test_texel_views_plan, test_null_dummies, test_null_descriptors,
test_null_layout_push (new), SITES_TEXEL; docs: texel-buffer-formats.md (new), texel-buffer-ownership.md,
segmented-binding.md TexelDesc.

Conflict on main: tests/test_texel_buffer_ownership.py's eviction cut
ends at imports_give_back's "(longshot) Default by OS and vendor"
comment, as main's #324 reworded it ("Off by default" before).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 36fe0a1359b31095fcb8d40d3c2f502a105d6b1b)

test(vk): the texel ownership fixture names the case that failed ... 4b6360a0ea

A failed case printed only a CalledProcessError; it now prints the fixture's own FAILED line and the case.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit cb8dea7c94ef0b0c002c9102d6c78c48bc778b7e)

feat(vk): SegBind's descriptor core, gathers and arena (L1) ... 0b79711a81

On a segmented domain (macOS), vk_draw.cpp now binds storage descriptors across a segment's cut as piece arrays in the
segmented variant program_segmented makes, gathers uniform buffers and fixed-function inputs into a per-recording arena at
the pre-pass point, and fills C0's arena stubs. On Apple, unbound storage descriptors take a zero-length range of a new
64 KiB null_storage buffer (span_unused_piece set), and unbound uniform buffers take 64 KiB of zero_buffer, which loses
its STORAGE usage. Other systems keep every write, layout and push range as before.

- ensure_layout and the descriptor counts take piece counts from Program::seg; push range 88 + 4 * presence_words
- build_descriptors: single, table (k*P + j, prefix rule), bare/wide/shrink per piece; a refused array writes nothing
- uniform_range: gather queued (SegBuild), null_ubo on Apple
- draw()/dispatch(): seg_sig_of + program_segmented after the seam, always waited for; same_desc never reuses a
  gathered or stale piece set; vertex/index/indirect/mesh-args/dispatch-args gathers; index extent demanded (O9)
- pipeline_note and the compute notes skip segmented variants
- tests: test_seg_bind (new), resolver coverage SITES_BIND, and the fixtures and anchors the change moved

The next commits add test_seg_gathers, test_seg_notes, the desc_counts, push_state and vertex_bind
extensions and the docs section. (Reworded from the topic's "wip:" commit; the content is the topic's.)

Conflicts on main 6c9edffe: #252's compute-variant path in dispatch()
(program_cache_complete_ask, on_worker, made_how; compute_optimize at
the bind) meets this commit's rename of the pre-seam program to
`plain`. #252's lines are kept here as main has them, naming `p`; the
notes take SegBind's guard and #252's optimize and bind follow it.
They follow the rename in this PR's last commit, which vk_draw.cpp
needs to compile; tests/test_program_cache_one_variant.py the same.
tests/test_set_for_tables.py (#P28's read_write cases): CASES counts
both sides' cases.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit f40b77f71a47ee130cbe0df476d5e59f00fcef03)

fix(vk): a draw reusing its descriptors drops an earlier build's refusal (SegBind) ... 57093580da

draw()'s pre-pass point cleared only the gathers an earlier build had queued when the draw reused its descriptors. The build's
lost flag stayed: a build or signature that was refused (seg_lost: no arena room, a piece array that could not be written, a
descriptor in more than 255 pieces) left its own draw out, and then every later draw that reused the previous set while a domain
existed was left out too, with no log line of its own. The whole SegBuild is now reset there (its gathered/pieces/stamp fields are
read only at the bind of a fresh build). Apple-only in effect: off alias isolation no build is ever refused.

tests/test_seg_gathers.py's "stale" case fails without it.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit a38cf86cc766d3254539965265c9bf3d56123b87)

test(vk): SegBind's gathers and notes fixtures, its parts of three checks, and its docs section ... 5a3a795d31

Plan 4.3 items 2, 3, 6 and 7 (reports/2026-11-14-seg-consumer-plan.md):
- tests/test_seg_gathers.py + tests/seg_gathers_test.cpp: the source's own cuts (RecordingRes and the arena with
  draw_begin_recording's reset and give-back, SegBuild, the size helpers, the bound-state caches, and draw()'s mesh-args
  rewrite, pre-pass gathers, vertex streams and indirect/indexed binds; dispatch()'s grid gather and binding) over a command
  recorder and SegProbe's domain. 76 checks: the order end_pass, barrier, copies, barrier, reader; vertex sized and WHOLE
  (clipped to the domain); direct indices; the indexed-indirect extent; records across a cut; native mesh records; the
  mesh-args rewrite per piece; a queued uniform gather; the 12-byte grid; count words in place and a straddling one left out;
  aligned arena offsets; arena made, grown, reset, given back, and full (a loud skip); nothing kept in kept_vb, vertex_set or
  last_ib; no stale refusal after a reusing draw. --base compares the common path's recorded commands with B2's cut; --json
  writes seg-gathers.json for SegBindProbe. Against B2 (--source) it builds and fails.
- tests/test_seg_notes.py: pipeline_note and dispatch()'s note lines cut out: a segmented variant makes no state_record,
  PipeNote or compute note; a plain one is noted as B2's cut is (--base).
- test_desc_counts.py, test_push_state.py, test_vertex_bind.py: --source, and SegBind's source rules (piece counts with
  seg_layout_count; the push range kPushSize + 4 * presence_words and uses_push; gathered streams and indices never reach
  vertex_bind_reuse, kept_vb, vertex_set or last_ib). Each fails against B2.
- docs/segmented-binding.md: the SegBind (L1) section.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit a0eccd31253378f8beb5963da4d4a6e5f340e670)

test(vk): test_set_for_tables reads its cut from --source ... c715168efc

The segmented single storage array's case (plan 4.3 item 5) had no negative: the check always cut its own tree. With --source
<B2 archive> it fails as required ("moltenvk.segmented_single want=set got=push").

Conflict with #P28 (read_write textures; not with main): the docstring
keeps #P28's paragraph with this usage line, and main() cuts from
--source's vk_draw.cpp with #P28's read_write count (as in the
macOS integration, Integration 17).

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 5824f6828e21cf810dcceaa6be425a9224b15994)

test(vk): test_mesh_fallback's topology anchor follows draw()'s plain ... e37c097da2

SegBind renamed draw()'s program for the bound state to `plain` (after the seam `p` is it or its segmented variant), so the
source rule "topo = pipeline_topology(p, topo);" no longer matched and the check failed in the full suite (a new failure
against B2's full run). The rule now reads `plain`; what it checks is unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 2e1eb52102ae7a889af7a0aa770f448833d36ebf)

test(vk): test_set_for_lengths' layout fixture takes SegBind's seg_layout_count and presence_words ... 264a578d1f

ensure_layout, which the fixture compiles from vk_draw.cpp (kPushSize
to its end), now counts each descriptor through SegBind's
seg_layout_count and grows the push range by Program::presence_words.
test_set_for_lengths (mvk-sizes) was written after SegBind's base, so
its fixture had neither, and it no longer built after the merge of
SegBind into macos/integrated (a34be2da). It gets the same stubs
SegBind gave test_set_for_tables' fixture: presence_words = 0, and a
seg_layout_count that keeps every count (its modules are plain
variants). No assertion changed.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 071c628f14ec46d0c55b1e5ef1a2941040a362aa)

feat(vk): SegXfer, the transfer consumers of a range across a segment's cut (L2) ... 0a056baf22

A guest range across a SegMem segment's cut is never one memory: gpu_buffer_bind
and gpu_buffer return it empty. Each SegXfer consumer's failure branch now binds
it piece by piece (gpu_span_bind, or gpu_span for the unswizzle's gpu_buffer
reader) after its operation's admission, and records the work per piece or
through the recording's SegArena (C0's declarations; SegBind fills the bodies):

- vk_replay.cpp: gpu_write as one vkCmdUpdateBuffer per piece (unaligned stays
  on the CPU); NOP_COPY_B2B as regions between the sides' pieces, one
  vkCmdCopyBuffer per buffer pair; NOP_CLEAR_BUF as one fill per piece.
- vk_xfer.cpp: B2T gathers the span into the arena and copies from it; T2B
  gathers in first (row padding keeps the guest's bytes), copies the image into
  the arena and scatters every byte back; bufferOffset a multiple of the texel
  block; stamp and texture_gpu_wrote over the span.
- vk_texture.cpp: the GPU unswizzle gathers its source into the arena in the
  upload command buffer, ahead of the dispatches, at the storage alignment.
- vk_temporal.cpp: the actor's bones and origin copied per piece, its vertices
  and indices gathered and read through the arena's device address.
- vk_draw.cpp: the frame dump, StatsQuery copies and mesh-indirect convert per
  piece; the mesh fallback's 8-byte indirect input gathered, by address.

No arena room is refused loudly (error log, counter), never silently. Every
path tests gpu_span_any() first: with no domain (all platforms but macOS under
alias isolation) every consumer records exactly what it did before, which the
new fixtures check against B2's recorded commands. The arithmetic is in the
new pure header gpu/vk/span_xfer.h.

Tests: tests/test_seg_xfer.py (+ seg_xfer_test.cpp), copy_b2t in
tests/test_vulkan_copy_span.py (+ copy_b2t_span_test.cpp), the gpu compile
fixture given SegMem's types, and SITES_XFER in test_resolver_coverage.py.
Docs: docs/segmented-binding.md § SegXfer.

Conflict on main 6c9edffe: vk_temporal.cpp actor_motion, #59 (actor
motion pairs copies by place): a pose read at its draw is copied from
the stage (placed), and only otherwise from the game's memory. The
piece-by-piece copy of a pose across a segment's cut goes in that
else branch, where the bones and origin are bound; the kept pose
takes #59's placed and place.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit db3c9bf0c7c9181001522991d2447321362b5724)

fix(vk): dispatch()'s compute-variant path (#252) names SegBind's pre-seam plain ... a997b3629a

Semantic rework for main 6c9edffe, after the picks. SegBind renames the
program for the bound state to `plain` before the admission seam (after
it, `p` is that program or its segmented variant). Main's #252 added
the compute-variant path on those lines (program_cache_complete_ask,
on_worker, made_how), kept as main has it in the seg-bind pick, which
left vk_draw.cpp not compiling ("use of undeclared identifier 'p'", 7
lines). Those lines now name `plain`: the CAS and the ask, the job, the
cached pipeline, and the census and give-up after the 50 ms wait.

Behaviour is #252's: the plain program is the one read without its
code and made whole there. A segmented variant is translated, not read
from the cache, and compiled synchronously after the seam through
cached_compute, which takes #252's Intel gate itself (Windows Intel
only; segmented variants exist on macOS only). At the bind, #252's owed
optimized build and compute_optimized stay on `p`: a variant is never
built quick, so it binds its own pipeline.

The checks that read these lines follow:
test_program_cache_one_variant (its first-CAS, cached-pipeline and
complete anchors; its code_words check now looks for both names),
test_intel_compiler_gate (the ask's anchor), and test_seg_notes, whose
cut of the compute notes now ends where #252 queues the owed optimized
build (at the bind on a tree without it; its between() helper went with
the old cut). No check is weakened.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(vk): the seg_gathers fixture stubs #162's rec::OwnSlot ... 50f3743377

Fixture follow-up for main 6c9edffe. tests/test_seg_gathers.py cuts
draw_begin_recording into its fixture, and main's #162 (the recorder
thread's own slot resets, RX_VK_RECORDER_OWN) marks the descriptor pool
reset there with a rec::OwnSlot scope, so the fixture did not build
("use of undeclared identifier 'rec'"). It gets the stub the other
fixtures that cut that function have (draw_stream_visibility_test,
recording_admission_test): a scope that does nothing. No check changed.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(vk): SegXfer's fixture and resolver sites follow #59's actor motion ... 8d0541ef71

Semantic rework for main 6c9edffe. Main's #59 (actor motion pairs
copies by place) takes a pose read at its draw through a stage, and
copies the bones and origin from the game's memory only otherwise;
#P19's rework (pose_read_at_draw, shared by actor_motion and
temporal_actor_demands) makes the resolver demand them only there. The
SegXfer pick puts the per-piece pose copy in that else branch.

- tests/seg_xfer_test.cpp: the fixture's State takes #59's members
  (Skin::pose and kNoPose, pose_bytes, poses_time, Pose::placed and
  place, pose_stages, pose_stage_at, poses_read, poses_copied) and the
  <cmath> and <unordered_set> actor_motion now needs; its skins keep
  kNoPose, so its cases still take the copy from the game's memory,
  across a cut as before.
- tests/test_seg_xfer.py cuts pose_read_at_draw into the fixture too
  (when the tree has it).
- tests/test_resolver_coverage.py: SITES_XFER's four actor_motion sites
  expect the resolver's loop as SITES_BASE's do since #P19's rework
  (from pose_read_at_draw's 2 or 0), and the bones' site the same
  decision in both functions.

28 of 28 SegXfer cases and 74 binding sites in 19 functions pass again;
no expectation was dropped.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

test(vk): SegXfer's gpu_write checks follow #329's ordered inline writes ... b8579f1a70

Fixture follow-up for main 6c9edffe. Main's #329 (order overlapping
inline buffer updates) puts a full barrier before each vkCmdUpdateBuffer
in gpu_write, and tests that with test_inline_write_order, which cuts
gpu_write alone.

- tests/test_inline_write_order.py: SegXfer's span path in gpu_write
  calls gpu_span_any, gpu_span_bind and gpu_write_pieces; the fixture
  stubs them as they are off macOS and with no domain (gpu_span_any()
  false), so it tests #329's order as before. Its three variants keep
  their results (the barrier and the work count still caught).
- tests/test_seg_xfer.py: replay.gpu_write.common, recorded on the
  topic's base (08cccafb) without #329's barriers, is recorded again:
  the common path at this branch equals its base's (--base), on arm64
  and x86_64. The other eight common digests are unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

feat(vk): count polygon modes and restart-off strip draws on Apple, log-only ... e1153ec7e5

KosmicKrisp has no fillModeNonSolid and MoltenVK no POINT polygons, and Metal restarts an indexed strip or fan at the
all-ones index whatever Vulkan's restart enable says. Before anything is fixed, count whether the game needs it
(mode_census.h, Apple only; nothing built or drawn changes):

- the graphics pipelines built, where st_pipelines counts them, and the draws recorded, where st_draws counts them, by
  NVN's polygon mode, with the first 8 LINE and POINT pipelines (program, pipeline key, topology) and programs named;
- the indexed strip and fan draws with restart off; a direct one's indices are read whole, a page at a time, through
  memory_read_as_submitted for the index type's all-ones value (0xFF, 0xFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF). An indirect one's range is
  the GPU's and a range the CPU cannot read is not guessed: both are counted as not scanned.

Any other draw costs restart_off_strip's compares and its polygon mode's count on the thread's own counters. Printed
with the frame statistics every 120 presents ("at present N") and at close ("at close"). The two tests that compile
build_graphics and draw()'s binds from the source get a stand-in for the counts.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 1bd30dceb348909ca03c4cf12709dccbb0900f4a)

fix(macos): bind a direct draw's 8-bit indices with their size on MoltenVK ... 03b2a65edf

MoltenVK 1.4.2 widens 8-bit indices to 16 bits on the GPU before every
indexed draw, into a temporary of twice the bound size, and a bind
without a size reaches the buffer's end (MVKCmdDraw.mm
convertUint8IndexBuffer, MVKCmdBindIndexBuffer::setContent). LS binds a
guest pool's whole VkBuffer at the indices, so a six-index draw in a
64 MB pool widened 64 MB into a 128 MB shared MTLBuffer. Each command
pool keeps every such region one command buffer held at once, resident
and purgeable, until the pool is destroyed (MVKMTLBufferAllocation.mm);
vkTrimCommandPool and vkResetCommandPool(RELEASE_RESOURCES) keep them.
With LS's 48 recording pools that is run #23's 128 MB IOAccelerator
regions (98 at the title, 385 after the A) and the GPU's wire limit.

On MoltenVK's driver alone (vendor fix index8_size, RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE),
with VK_KHR_maintenance5 enabled for it, a direct draw's 8-bit indices
are bound with vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2KHR and their own count: MoltenVK
widens exactly the indices the draw reads, at the same point of the
command buffer. Indirect draws keep the bind to the pool's end (their
indices are read where the GPU finds them). Every other driver binds as
before. A MoltenVK-only line with the frame statistics counts the 8-bit
draws and what their pools held past the indices.

Tests: tests/test_index8_bind.py (new; fails at 78e403de), the index
bind cache keyed on size (test_draw_binds.py), the recorder's coverage
of vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2KHR and the SegBind fixture's fake.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 0fdc1cc83dc3def6918a2ae08f35afca43d4962d)

docs(macos): RX_VK_INDEX8_SIZE in the switch table ... 3e34116ccb

The topic added the vendor fix's switch without a row; docs/development.md's
switch table gets one beside RX_VK_SET_FOR_LENGTHS: on by default on MoltenVK
only, what it binds, and what MoltenVK did without it.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

mooki referenced this pull request 2026-11-15 04:01:15 +00:00

WIP: feat(macos): count NVN's polygon modes and restart-off strip draws on Apple, log-only #677

mooki referenced this pull request 2026-11-15 04:01:20 +00:00

WIP: fix(macos): count draws rewritten where MoltenVK has no drawIndirectCount, and buffer updates copied from the stream #679

mooki referenced this pull request 2026-11-15 04:01:23 +00:00

WIP: fix(macos): direct draws that read the draw index drawn as one indirect record on MoltenVK #680

mooki referenced this pull request 2026-11-15 04:01:57 +00:00

WIP: feat(macos): RX_VK_LMEM_LOG names each module's private memory and each pipeline's first bind #681

mooki force-pushed mac/mvk-temp from 3e34116ccb to 76cdd7a703 2026-11-15 07:53:21 +00:00 Compare

mooki referenced this pull request 2026-11-15 11:55:46 +00:00

WIP: perf(macos): a pass's leading whole clears as its attachments' LOAD_OP_CLEAR, off by default (RX_VK_LOAD_CLEAR=1) #780

mooki referenced this pull request 2026-11-15 11:55:52 +00:00

WIP: fix(macos): restart-off 8-bit indices drawn as NVN does on MoltenVK; LS's widening ahead of a pass opt-in (RX_VK_WIDEN8=1) #782

mooki referenced this pull request 2026-11-15 11:55:57 +00:00

WIP: perf(macos): batch the mesh fallback's draws of a pass on MoltenVK #783

SocialWare referenced this pull request 2026-11-15 13:27:34 +00:00

Game: Crash in Hyrule field after opening and closing map #809

mooki added the

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mooki force-pushed mac/mvk-temp from 76cdd7a703 to 989a6423d9 2026-11-15 15:04:29 +00:00 Compare

mooki referenced this pull request 2026-11-15 17:40:07 +00:00

WIP: fix(macos): draw-path emulation on MoltenVK #850

mooki commented 2026-11-15 18:08:56 +00:00

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Folded into #850 (fix(macos): draw-path emulation on MoltenVK)

Folded into #850 (fix(macos): draw-path emulation on MoltenVK)

mooki closed this pull request 2026-11-15 18:08:57 +00:00

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